vim quick ref card

初学有用,值得打印了贴在电脑旁边.http://tnerual.eriogerg.free.fr/vimqrc.pdf

VIM QUICK REFERENCE CARD
Basic movement
h l k j . . . . . . . . . . . . character left, right; line up, down
b w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . word/token left, right
ge e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of word/token left, right
{ } . . . . . . . . . . . . . beginning of previous, next paragraph
( ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .beginning of previous, next sentence
0 gm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beginning, middle of line
^ $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first, last character of line
nG ngg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . line n, default the last, first
n%. . . . . . . .percentage n of the file (n must be provided)
n| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . column n of current line
%. . . . .match of next brace, bracket, comment, #define
nH nL . . . . . . . . . . . . line n from start, bottom of window
M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . middle line of window
Insertion & replace ! insert mode
i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . insert before, after cursor
I A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . insert at beginning, end of line
gI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . insert text in first column
o O. . . . . .open a new line below, above the current line
rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . replace character under cursor with c
grc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . like r, but without affecting layout
R . . . . . . . . . . . . . replace characters starting at the cursor
gR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . like R, but without affecting layout
cm. . . . . . . . . . . . . change text of movement command m
cc or S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . change current line
C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . change to the end of line
s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . change one character and insert
~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switch case and advance cursor
g~m . . . . . . . . . . . . switch case of movement command m
gum gUm. . . lowercase, uppercase text of movement m
m . . . . . . . . . . shift left, right text of movement m
n<< n>>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shift n lines left, right
Deletion
x X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete character under, before cursor
dm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete text of movement command m
dd D . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete current line, to the end of line
J gJ . . . . . . . . join current line with next, without space
:rd - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete range r lines
:rdx - . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete range r lines into register x
Insert mode
ˆVc ˆVn . . . . . . . . . insert char c literally, decimal value n
ˆA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . insert previously inserted text
ˆ@. . . . . . .same as ˆA and stop insert ! command mode
ˆRx ˆRˆRx . . . . . . . . . insert content of register x, literally
ˆN ˆP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . text completion before, after cursor
ˆW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete word before cursor
ˆU . . . . . . . . . . delete all inserted character in current line
ˆD ˆT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shift left, right one shift width
ˆKc1c2 or c1 c2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enter digraph {c1, c2} ˆOc . . . . . . . . . . . . execute c in temporary command mode
ˆXˆE ˆXˆY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll up, down
hesci or ˆ[ . . . . . . . . . abandon edition ! command mode
Copying
"x . . . . . . . . . . . . use register x for next delete, yank, put
:reg - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show the content of all registers
:reg x - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show the content of registers x
ym . . . . . . . . . . . yank the text of movement command m
yy or Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .yank current line into register
p P . . . . . . . . . . . put register after, before cursor position
]p [p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . like p, P with indent adjusted
gp gP . . . . . . . . . . . like p, P leaving cursor after new text
Advanced insertion
g?m. . . . . . . . . . perform rot13 encoding on movement m
nˆA nˆX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +n, −n to number under cursor
gqm . . . . . . . format lines of movement m to fixed width
:rce w - . . . . . . . . . . . center lines in range r to width w
:rle i - . . . . . . . left align lines in range r with indent i
:rri w - . . . . . . right align lines in range r to width w
!mc - . filter lines of movement m through command c
n!!c - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . filter n lines through command c
:r!c - . . . . . . . . . filter range r lines through command c
Visual mode
v V ˆV . . start/stop highlighting characters, lines, block
o . . . exchange cursor position with start of highlighting
gv . . . . . . . . . . . start highlighting on previous visual area
aw as ap . . . . . . . select a word, a sentence, a paragraph
ab aB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . select a block ( ), a block { }
Undoing, repeating & registers
u U . . . . . . undo last command, restore last changed line
. ˆR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .repeat last changes, redo last undo
n. . . . . . . repeat last changes with count replaced by n
qc qC. . . .record, append typed characters in register c
q. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stop recording
@c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . execute the content of register c
@@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . repeat previous @ command
:@c - . . . . . . . . . . . execute register c as an Ex command
:rg/p/c - . . . . . . . . . .execute Ex command c on range r
b where pattern p matches
Complex movement
- + . . . . . . . . . line up, down on first non-blank character
B W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . space-separated word left, right
gE E . . . . . . . . . . . end of space-separated word left, right
n . . . . . . . . down n − 1 line on first non-blank character
g0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beginning of screen line
g^ g$. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .first, last character of screen line
gk gj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . screen line up, down
fc Fc . . . . . . . . . . next, previous occurence of character c
tc Tc . . . . . . . . . . . . . before next, previous occurence of c
; , . . . . . . . . . . . . . repeat last fFtT, in opposite direction
[[ ]] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . start of section backward, forward
[] ][ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of section backward, forward
[( ]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unclosed (, ) backward, forward
[{ ]} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unclosed {, } backward, forward
[m ]m . . . . . . . . start of backward, forward Java method
[# ]#.unclosed #if, #else, #endif backward, forward
[* ]* . . . . . . . . . . start, end of /* */ backward, forward
Search & substitution
/s - ?s - . . . . . . . . . . . . . search forward, backward for s
/s/o - ?s?o - . . . . . search fwd, bwd for s with offset o
n or / - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . repeat forward last search
N or ? - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . repeat backward last search
# * . . . search backward, forward for word under cursor
g# g* . . . . . . . . . . . . . same, but also find partial matches
gd gD . . . local, global definition of symbol under cursor
:rs/f/t/x - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . substitute f by t in range r
b x : g—all occurrences, c—confirm changes
:rs x - . . . . . . . . . . . repeat substitution with new r & x

Special characters in search patterns
. ˆ $ . . . . . . . . . . . any single character, start, end of line
\< \> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . start, end of word
[c1-c2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a single character in range c1..c2
[ˆc1-c2]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a single character not in range
\i \k \I \K . . . . . . . an identifier, keyword; excl. digits
\f \p \F \P . . a file name, printable char.; excl. digits
\s \S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a white space, a non-white space
\e \t \r \b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hesci, htabi, h -i, h i \= * \+ . . . . match 0..1, 0..1, 1..1 of preceding atoms
\| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . separate two branches ( or)
\( \) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . group patterns into an atom
\& \n . . . . . . . the whole matched pattern, nth () group
\u \l . . . . . . . . . . . next character made upper, lowercase
\c \C. . . . . . . . . . . . . .ignore, match case on next pattern
Offsets in search commands
n or +n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n line downward in column 1
-n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n line upward in column 1
e+n e-n . . . . . . . n characters right, left to end of match
s+n s-n. . . . . .n characters right, left to start of match
;sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . execute search command sc next
Marks and motions
mc . . . . . . . . . mark current position with mark c 2 [a..Z]
‘c ‘C . . . . . . . . . . . go to mark c in current, C in any file
‘0..9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to last exit position
‘‘ ‘" . . . . . . . . . . go to position before jump, at last edit
‘[ ‘] . . . . . go to start, end of previously operated text
:marks - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . print the active marks list
:jumps - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . print the jump list
nˆO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to nth older position in jump list
nˆI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to nth newer position in jump list
Key mapping & abbreviations
:map c e - . . . . . . .map c 7! e in normal & visual mode
:map! c e - . . . . map c 7! e in insert & cmd-line mode
:unmap c - :unmap! c - . . . . . . . . . . remove mapping c
:mk f - . . . write current mappings, settings... to file f
:ab c e - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . add abbreviation for c 7! e
:ab c - . . . . . . . . . . . . show abbreviations starting with c
:una c - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . remove abbreviation c
Tags
:ta t - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jump to tag t
:nta - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jump to nth newer tag in list
ˆ] ˆT . . . jump to the tag under cursor, return from tag
:ts t - . . . . list matching tags and select one for jump
:tj t - . .jump to tag or select one if multiple matches
:tags - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . print tag list
:npo - :nˆT - . . . . . . jump back from, to nth older tag
:tl - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jump to last matching tag
ˆW} :pt t - . . . . . . . . . . . preview tag under cursor, tag t
ˆW] . . . . . . . . . . . split window and show tag under cursor
ˆWz or :pc - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close tag preview window
Scrolling & multi-windowing
ˆE ˆY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll line up, down
ˆD ˆU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll half a page up, down
ˆF ˆB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll page up, down
zt or z - . . . . . . . . . . . . . set current line at top of window
zz or z. . . . . . . . . . . . set current line at center of window
zb or z-. . . . . . . . . . .set current line at bottom of window
zh zl . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll one character to the right, left
zH zL . . . . . . . . . . . . . scroll half a screen to the right, left
ˆWs or :split - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . split window in two
ˆWn or :new - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .create new empty window
ˆWo or :on - . . . . . . . make current window one on screen
ˆWj ˆWk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .move to window below, above
ˆWw ˆWˆW. . . . . . . . .move to window below, above (wrap)
Ex commands ( -)
:e f . . . . . . . edit file f, unless changes have been made
:e! f . . . . edit file f always (by default reload current)
:wn :wN . . . . . . . . . write file and edit next, previous one
:n :N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . edit next, previous file in list
:rw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . write range r to current file
:rw f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .write range r to file f
:rw>>f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .append range r to file f
:q :q!. . . . .quit and confirm, quit and discard changes
:wq or :x or ZZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . write to current file and exit
hupi hdowni. . . . recall commands starting with current
:r f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . insert content of file f below cursor
:r! c . . . . . . . . insert output of command c below cursor
:all . . open a window for each file in the argument list
:args . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . display the argument list
Ex ranges
, ; . . . . . . separates two lines numbers, set to first line
n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an absolute line number n
. $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the current line, the last line in file
% * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . entire file, visual area
’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . position of mark t
/p/ ?p?. . . . . . .the next, previous line where p matches
+n -n . . . . . . . . . . .+n, −n to the preceding line number
Folding
zfm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . create fold of movement m
:rfo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .create fold for range r
zd zE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete fold at cursor, all in window
zo zc zO zC . . . . . . . . . . open, close one fold; recursively
[z ]z. . . . . . . . . .move to start, end of current open fold
zj zk . . . . . . . . move down, up to start, end of next fold
Miscellaneous
:sh - :!c - . . . start shell, execute command c in shell
K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lookup keyword under cursor with man
:make - . . . . . . start make, read errors and jump to first
:cn - :cp - . . . . . . . . . . display the next, previous error
:cl - :cf - . . . . . . . list all errors, read errors from file
ˆL ˆG . . . . . . . redraw screen, show filename and position
gˆG . . . show cursor column, line, and character position
ga . . . . . . . . . show ASCII value of character under cursor
gf. . . . . . . . . . . . .open file which filename is under cursor
:redir>f - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . redirect output to file f
:mkview [f] . . . . . . . . . save view configuration [to file f]
:loadview [f] . . . . load view configuration [from file f]
ˆ@ ˆK ˆ \ Fn ˆFn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .unmapped keys
This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
general public licence — Copyright c
 2003 by Laurent Gr´egoire
hlaurent.gregoire@icam.fri — v1.5 — The author assumes no
responsibility for any errors on this card. The latest version can
be found at http://tnerual.eriogerg.free.fr/