典型的测试错误有哪些？(6)

　　配置测试和场景测试都测试产品的全面的、跨功能的方面。另一类测试是跨越产品以检查在压力(大量事务、很大的事务、大量并发事务)下的表现。将压力测试和负载测试推迟到最后一刻才进行是一种常见的情况，但是这样做的结果是，当你发现你的产品不能支持12个以上的用户时，你已经没有多少时间来采用实际的措施。

　　Two related mistakes are not testing the documentation and not testing installation procedures. Testing the documentation means checking that all the procedures and examples in the documentation work. Testing installation procedures is a good way to avoid making a bad first impression.

　　一个相关错误是不测试文档，也不测试安装过程。测试文档意味着检查文档中所有过程和示例都能工作。测试安装过程是避免给别人留下糟糕的第一印象的好方法。

　　How about avoiding testing altogether?

　　不做测试会怎么样?

　　At a conference last year, I met (separately) two depressed testers who told me their management was of the opinion that the World Wide Web could reduce testing costs. "Look at [wildly successful internet company]. They distribute betas over the network and get their customers to do the testing for free!" The Windows 95 beta program is also cited in similar ways.

　　在去年的一个会议上，我(分别)遇到两个沮丧的测试员，他们告诉我他们的管理是基于这样一种意见：万维网(World Wide Web)可以减少测试成本。“看看非常成功的网络公司”。他们在网络上分发β版，让客户免费给他们做测试!”。Windows 95的β程序也是这样的。

　　Beware of an overreliance on beta testing. Beta testing seems to give you test cases representative of customer use - because the test cases are customer use. Also, bugs reported by customers are by definition those important to customers. However, there are several problems:

　　要当心对β测试的过分依赖。因为测试用例是客户使用的，所以β测试似乎是给了你客户使用的代表用例。另外，客户报告的错误也是对客户重要的。但是，有几个问题：

　　1. The customers probably aren't that representative. In the common high-tech marketing model, beta users, especially those of the "put it on your web site and they will download" sort, are the early adopters, those who like to tinker with new technologies. They are not the pragmatists, those who want to wait until the technology is proven and safe to adopt. The usage patterns of these two groups are different, as are the kinds of bugs they consider important. In particular, early adopters have a high tolerance for bugs with workarounds and for bugs that "just go away" when they reload the program. Pragmatists, who are much less tolerant, make up the large majority of the market.

　　客户可能不是代表。在一个普通的高科技市场营销模型中，β用户，特别是那种“将产品放到网站上让他们下载”的情况，是早期的采用者。他们喜欢摆弄新技术。他们不是实用主义者，不是那种愿意等到新技术被证明是安全可靠后才采用的人。这两种类别的使用方式是不同的，就像他们认为 bug 的重要程度是不同的一样。特别地，早期的采用者对于能够用变通方法解决的 bug和重新加载程序就能消失的 bug有较强的容忍性。但容忍性较差的实用主义者占据了市场的大部分。

　　2. Even of those beta users who actually use the product, most will not use it seriously. They will give it the equivalent of a quick test drive, rather than taking the whole family for a two week vacation. As any car buyer knows, the test drive often leaves unpleasant features undiscovered.

　　即使是那些实际使用产品的β用户，大多数也不会认真地使用。他们会给一个类似于试驾车的快速测试，而不是带着整个家庭休假两周。很多购买汽车的人都知道，试驾车经常会遗漏一些令人不愉快的特性。

　　3. Beta users - just like customers in general - don't report usability problems unless prompted. They simply silently decide they won't buy the final version.

　　β用户象客户一样，除非特别要求，一般不会报告可用性错误。他们只是暗自决定不去购买最终产品。

　　4. Beta users - just like customers in general - often won't report a bug, especially if they're not sure what they did to cause it, or if they think it is obvious enough that someone else must have already reported it.

　　β用户象客户一样，常常不会报告 bug ，尤其是当他们不能确定是什么操作导致了错误，或者是他们认为这个错误很明显，其他人肯定已经报告了。

原文转自：http://www.uml.org.cn/Test/200709289.asp