典型的测试错误有哪些？(15)

　　在这样的情况中，有时候测试员单独依赖于程序员(“单元”) 测试。在这不够充足的情况下，仅从用户可见的界面测试是一个错误。如果使程序员加上“可测试性钩子”或“测试点”以揭示所选择的内部状态的话，会好得多。本质上，他们将一个产品：

　　to one like this:

　　转化为：

　　It is often difficult to convince programmers to add test support code to the product. (Actual quote: "I don't want to clutter up my code with testing crud.") Persevere, start modestly, and take advantage of these facts:

　　说服程序员向产品中添加测试支持代码常常是很困难的(一个真实引语：“我不想让测试代码弄乱我的程序。”)坚持下去，适时开始，并利用以下事实：

　　1. The test support code is often a simple extension of the debugging support code programmers write anyway.

　　测试支持代码常常只是程序员随便编写的调试支持程序的简单延伸。

　　2. A small amount of test support code often goes a long way.

　　少量的测试支持代码常常就会带来很大帮助。

　　A common objection to this approach is that the test support code must be compiled out of the final product (to avoid slowing it down). If so, tests that use the testing interface "aren't testing what we ship". It is true that some of the tests won't run on the final version, so you may miss bugs. But, without testability code, you'll miss bugs that don't reveal themselves through the user interface. It's a risk tradeoff, and I believe that adding test support code usually wins. See [Marick95], chapter 13, for more details.

　　对这种方法的普遍的反对意见是测试支持代码必须编译在最终产品之外(以避免显示)。如果是这样的，测试员使用的测试界面“不是我们交付的产品”。诚然，某些测试不会运行在最终版本中，所以可能会漏掉一些 bug 。但是，没有可测试的代码，你会漏掉一些通过用户界面无法揭示的 bug 。这是一个风险的权衡，我相信添加测试代码通常会占上风。参见[Marick95]的第13章以获取更多详细内容。

　　In one case, there's an alternative to having the programmer add code to the product: have a tool do it. Commercial tools like Purify, Boundschecker, and Sentinel automatically add code that checks for certain classes of failures (such as memory leaks). They provide a narrow, specialized testing interface. For marketing reasons, these tools are sold as programmer debugging tools, but they're equally test support tools, and I'm amazed that testing groups don't use them as a matter of course.

　　有一种情况是，有一个方案替代程序远向产品添加代码：用工具来完成。一些商用工具如Purify、Boundschecker和Sentinel可以自动添加代码以检查某种类型的错误(比如内存泄露)。它们提供一个狭小的、专用的测试界面。因为市场营销的原因，这些工具是作为程序员调试工具出售的，但它们等同于测试支持工具，测试小组没有把它们当成常规工具来使用，让我觉得很吃惊。

　　Testability problems are exacerbated in distributed systems like conventional client/server systems, multi-tiered client/server systems, Java applets that provide smart front-ends to web sites, and so forth. Too often, tests of such systems amount to shallow tests of the user interface component because that's the only component that the tester can easily control.

　　测试问题在分布式系统中，比如传统的客户/服务器系统、多层的客户/服务器系统、向站点提供灵巧的前端应用的Java小程序等，可测试性问题更为严重。常常地，测试这类系统等同于用户界面部件的浅显测试，因为它们是测试员能够容易控制的唯一部件。

　　Finding failures is only the start

　　发现错误仅仅是开始

　　It's not enough to find a failure; you must also report it. Unfortunately, poor bug reporting is a classic mistake. Tester bug reports suffer from five major problems:

　　发现错误是不够的，还必须报告它。不幸的是，低劣的 bug 报告是一个典型错误。测试员的错误报告存在五个主要问题：

原文转自：http://www.uml.org.cn/Test/200709289.asp