最近重新又翻看了一下关于sqlserver的书籍,主要查看了一下关于sql中的相关子查询和交叉表方面的知识。
相关子查询和普通子查询区别在于:相关子查询引用了外部查询的列。
这种引用外部查询的能力意味着相关子查询不能自己独立运行,其中对于外部查询引用会使会使其无法正常执行。因此相关子查询的执行顺序如下:
1.首先执行一遍外部查询
2.对于外部查询的每一行分别执行一遍子查询,而且每次执行子查询时候都会引用外部的当前行的值。
使用子查询的结果来确定外部查询的结果集。
举个例子;
SELECT t1.type
FROM titles t1
GROUP BY t1.type
HAVING MAX(t1.advance) >=ALL
(SELECT 2 * AVG(t2.advance)
FROM titles t2
WHERE t1.type = t2.type)
这个结果返回最高预付款超过给定组中平均预付款两倍的书籍类型。
在举个例子:
要求返回每一个编号的最大值(列出id,name,score)
ID Name(编号) Score(分数)
1 a 88
2 b 76
3 c 66
4 c 90
5 b 77
6 a 56
7 b 77
8 c 67
9 a 44
select * from t a where score=
(select Max(Score) from t b where a.name=b.name)
再给一个排位的sql语句
SELECT (
SELECT count(*)+1 as dd
FROM [Test ] as a where a.[F2]<b.[F2] ) AS ord,b.[F1], b.[F2]
FROM [Test ] as b
order by b.[F2];
好了关于sql的相关子查询先讲到这里。
下面说一下交叉表的概念
说到交叉表先提一下递归的select变量
递归的select变量可以使用select语句和子查询将一个变量与其自身拼接起来。
举一个例子
select @var=@var +d.column from table1 a
从而将基础表中垂直的列数据改为水平方向的数据。这样就可以替代游标。
下面就是动态交叉表和静态的交叉表的一个比较,动态的交叉表这样就代替了传统的游标。
交叉表
方法1
select f_nUMBER as @#学员@#,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A01@# then f_nUM end) as @#A01@#,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A02@# then f_nUM end) as @#A02@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A03@# then f_nUM end) as @#A03@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A04@# then f_nUM end) as @#A04@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A05@# then f_nUM end) as @#A05@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A06@# then f_nUM end) as @#A06@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A07@# then f_nUM end) as @#A07@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A08@# then f_nUM end) as @#A08@# ,
SUM(case f_subject when @#A09@# then f_nUM end) as @#A09@#
from rowdata group by f_nUMBER order by f_nUMBER
方法2
declare @sql nvarchar(2000)
set @sql=@#@#
select @sql=@sql+ @#sum(case F_subject when @#@#@#+ a.F_subject +@#@#@# then F_Num else 0 end) as @#
+a.F_Name+@#,@#
from (select distinct top 100 percent F_subject,F_Name from rowdata b JOIN SUBJECT_name c on b.F_subject=c.F_number order by F_subject ) a
set @sql=@#select f_nUMBER as @#+@#"学员",@#+@sql + @#count(F_Number) as @#+@#"考试数目"@#+
@#from rowdata group by F_Number order by F_Number@#
print @sql
exec sp_executesql @sql