MySQL两种表存储结构性能比较测试过程

MySQL支持的两种主要表存储格式MyISAM，InnoDB，上个月做个项目时，先使用了InnoDB，结果速度特别慢，1秒钟只能插入10几条。后来换成MyISAM格式，一秒钟插入上万条。当时觉的这两个表的性能也差别太大了吧。后来自己推测，不应该差别这么慢，估计是写的插入语句有问题，决定做个测试：

测试环境：Redhat Linux9，4CPU，内存2G，MySQL版本为4.1.6-gamma-standard

测试程序：Python＋Python-MySQL模块。

测试方案：

1、MyISAM格式分别测试，事务和不用事务两种情况：

2、InnoDB格式分别测试AutoCommit＝1（不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式），

AutoCommit=0 （不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式）四种情况。

测试方法为插入10000条记录。为了测试不互相影响，单独建立了专用的测试表，建表语句如下：

1、MyISAM不用事务表：

CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_NT` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=MyISAM;

2、MyISAM用事务表:

CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_TS` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=MyISAM;

3、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，不用事务:

CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_NB` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

4、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，用事务:

CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_BE` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

5、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，不用事务:

CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_NB` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

6、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，用事务:

CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_BE` (

`TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',

`TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

测试的Python脚本如下：

#!/usr/bin/env Python

''

MyISAM,InnoDB性能比较

作者：空心菜（Invalid）

时间：2004-10-22

''

import MySQLdb

import sys

import os

import string

import time

c = None

testtables = [("MyISAM_NT",None,0),

("MyISAM_TS",None,1),

("INNODB_NA_NB",0,0),

("INNODB_NA_BE",0,1),

("INNODB_AU_NB",1,0),

("INNODB_AU_BE",1,1)

]

def BeginTrans():

print "ExecSQL:BEGIN;"

c.execute("BEGIN;")

return

def Commit():

print "ExecSQL:COMMIT;"

c.execute("COMMIT;")

return

def AutoCommit(flag):

print "ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag)

c.execute("Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag))

return

def getcount(table):

#print "ExecSQL:select count(*) from "+table

c.execute("select count(*) from "+table)

return c.fetchall()[0][0]

def AddTable (Table,TableId,TableString):

sql = "INSERT INTO "+Table+"(TableId, TableString) VALUES( "+ TableId+ ",'" + TableString +"')"

try:

c.execute(sql)

except MySQLdb.OperationalError,error:

print "AddTable Error:",error

return -1;

return c.rowcount

def main():

argv = sys.argv

if len(argv) < 2:

print 'Usage:',argv[0],' TableId TestCount \n'

sys.exit(1)

global c #mysql访问cursor

db_host = "localhost"

db_name = "demo"

db_user = "root"

db_user_passwd = ""

print "Config:[%s %s/%s %s] DB\n"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name)

if len(argv) > 2:

tableid = argv[1]

testcount = int(argv[2]) #

for test in testtables:

#每次操作前都重写建立数据库连接

try:

mdb = MySQLdb.connect(db_host, db_user, db_user_passwd, db_name)

except MySQLDb.OperationalError,error:

print "Connect Mysql[%s %s/%s %s] DB Error:"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name),error,"\n"

sys.exit(1)

else:

c = mdb.cursor()

table,autocommit,trans = test

starttime = time.time()

print table," ",time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())

if autocommit != None:

AutoCommit(autocommit)

if trans == 1:

BeginTrans()

for i in xrange(testcount):

tablestring = "%020d"%i

if (AddTable(table,tableid,tablestring)<1):

print "AddTable Error",tablestring

if trans == 1:

Commit()

print time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())

endtime = time.time()

usedtime = endtime-starttime

print table,"count:",getcount(table)," used time:",usedtime

c.close()

mdb.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

测试结果如下：

Config:[localhost root/ demo] DB

MyISAM_NT 04-10-22 16:33:24

04-10-22 16:33:26

MyISAM_NT count: 10000 used time: 2.1132440567

MyISAM_TS 04-10-22 16:33:26

ExecSQL:BEGIN;

ExecSQL:COMMIT;

04-10-22 16:33:29

MyISAM_TS count: 10000 used time: 2.65475201607

INNODB_NA_NB 04-10-22 16:33:29

ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 0

04-10-22 16:33:31

INNODB_NA_NB count: 10000 used time: 2.51947999001

INNODB_NA_BE 04-10-22 16:33:31

ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 0

ExecSQL:BEGIN;

ExecSQL:COMMIT;

04-10-22 16:33:35

INNODB_NA_BE count: 10000 used time: 3.85625100136

INNODB_AU_NB 04-10-22 16:33:35

ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 1

04-10-22 16:34:19

INNODB_AU_NB count: 10000 used time: 43.7153041363

INNODB_AU_BE 04-10-22 16:34:19

ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 1

ExecSQL:BEGIN;

ExecSQL:COMMIT;

04-10-22 16:34:22

INNODB_AU_BE count: 10000 used time: 3.14328193665

结论：

由此得知影响速度的主要原因是AUTOCOMMIT默认设置是打开的，

我当时的程序没有显式调用BEGIN;开始事务，导致每插入一条都自动Commit，严重影响了速度。

算来也是个低级错误！

相关参考：

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/COMMIT.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/InnoDB_and_AUTOCOMMIT.html

原文转自：http://www.ltesting.net