Oracle常用功能函数汇总

发表于:2007-05-25来源:作者:点击数: 标签:sqloracle汇总功能常用
******************************************************************************* * SQL Group Functions (num can be a column or expression) * (null values are ignored, default between distinct and all is all) * ******************************

  *******************************************************************************
  * SQL Group Functions (num can be a column or expression)           *
  (null values are ignored, default between distinct and all is all)      *
  *******************************************************************************
  AVG([distinct or all] num)    average value
  COUNT(distinct or all] num)   number of values
  MAX([distinct or all] num)    maximum value
  MAX([distinct or all] num)    minimum value
  STDDEV([distinct or all] num)  standard deviation
  SUM([distinct or all] num)    sum of values
  VARIANCE([distinct or all] num) variance of values
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * Miscellaneaous Functions :                         *
  *******************************************************************************
  DECODE(expr, srch1, return1 [,srch2, return2...], default]
      if no search matches the expression then the default is returned,
      otherwise, the first search that matches will cause
      the corresponding return value to be returned
  DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_pos [, length]]])
      returns an internal oracle format, used for getting info about a column
      format options : 8 = octal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters
      return type codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = number, 8 = long, 12 = date,
       23 = raw, 24 = long raw, 69 = rowid, 96 = char, 106 = mlslabel
  GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
      returns the largest value of all expressions
  LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
      returns the smallest value of all expressions
  NVL(expr1 ,expr2
      if expr1 is not null, it is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned
  SQLCODE
      returns sql error code of last error. Can not be used directly in query,
      value must be set to local variable first
  SQLERRM
      returns sql error message of last error. Can not be used directly in query,
      value must be set to local variable first
  UID
      returns the user id of the user you are logged on as
      useful in selecting information from low level sys tables
  USER
      returns the user name of the user you are logged on as
  USERENV('option')
      returns information about the user you are logged on as
      options : ENTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL, LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA
           (all options not available in all Oracle versions)
  VSIZE(expr)
      returns the number of bytes used by the expression
      useful in selecting information about table space requirements
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * SQL Date Functions (dt represents oracle date and time)           *
  * (functions return an oracle date unless otherwise specified)        *
  *******************************************************************************
  ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)    adds num months to dt (num can be negative)
  LAST_DAY(dt)       last day of month in month containing dt
  MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) returns fractional value of months between dt1, dt2
  NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz2)  dt = date in time zone 1, returns date in time zone 2
  NEXT_DAY(dt, str)     date of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday', etc..)
  SYSDATE          present system date
  ROUND(dt [,fmt]      rounds dt as specified by format fmt
  TRUNC(dt [,fmt]      truncates dt as specified by format fmt
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * Number Functions :                             *
  *******************************************************************************
  ABS(num)       absolute value of num
  CEIL(num)       smallest integer > or = num
  COS(num)       cosine(num), num in radians
  COSH(num)       hyperbolic cosine(num)
  EXP(num)       e raised to the num power
  FLOOR(num)      largest integer < or = num
  LN(num)        natural logarithm of num
  LOG(num2, num1)    logarithm base num2 of num1
  MOD(num2, num1)    remainder of num2 / num1
  POWER(num2, num1)   num2 raised to the num1 power
  ROUND(num1 [,num2]  num1 rounded to num2 decimel places (default 0)
  SIGN(num)       sign of num * 1, 0 if num = 0
  SIN(num)       sin(num), num in radians
  SINH(num)       hyperbolic sine(num)
  SQRT(num)       square root of num
  TAN(num)       tangent(num), num in radians
  TANH(num)       hyperbolic tangent(num)
  TRUNC(num1 [,num2]  truncate num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * String Functions, String Result :                      *
  *******************************************************************************
  (num)          ASCII character for num
  CHR(num)         ASCII character for num
  CONCAT(str1, str2)    str1 concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)
  INITCAP(str)       capitalize first letter of each word in str
  LOWER(str)        str with all letters in lowercase
  LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) left pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces)
  LTRIM(str [,set])    remove set from left side of str (default spaces)
  NLS_INITCAP(str [,nls_val]) same as initcap for different languages
  NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_val])  same as lower for different languages
  REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) replaces str2 with str3 in str1
                 deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted
  RPAD(str1, num [,str2])   right pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces)
  RTRIM(str [,set])      remove set from right side of str (default spaces)
  SOUNDEX(str)         ph.netic representation of str
  SUBSTR(str, num2 [,num1])  substring of str, starting with num2,
                 num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is omitted)
  SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,num1])  same as substr but num1, num2 expressed in bytes
  TRANSLATE(str, set1, set2)  replaces set1 in str with set2
                 if set2 is longer than set1, it will be truncated
  UPPER(str)          str with all letters in uppercase
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * String Functions, Numeric Result :                     *
  *******************************************************************************
   
  ASCII(str)             ASCII value of str
  INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]) position of num2th oclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccurrence of
                    str2 in str1, starting at num1
                    (num1, num2 default to 1)
  INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]) same as instr, byte values for num1, num2
  LENGTH(str)            number of characters in str
  LENGTHB(str)            number of bytes in str
  NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])      nls_val byte value of str
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * SQL Conversion Functions                          *
  *******************************************************************************
  CHARTOROWID(str)          converts str to ROWID
  CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1]) converts str to chr_set2
                     chr_set1 default is the datbase character set
  HEXTORAW(str)     converts hex string value to internal raw values
  RAWTOHEX(raw_val)   converts raw hex value to hex string value
  ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)   converts rowid to 18 character string format
  TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])  converts expr(date or number) to format specified by fmt
  TO_DATE(str [,fmt])  converts string to date
  TO_MULTI_BYTE(str)   converts single byte string to multi byte string
  TO_NUMBER(str [,fmt]) converts str to a number formatted by fmt
  TO_SINGLE_BYTE(str)  converts multi byte string to single byte string
   
  *******************************************************************************
  * SQL Date Formats                              *
  *******************************************************************************
   
  BC, B.C.    BC indicator
  AD, A.D.    AD indicator
  CC, SCC     Century Code (SCC includes space or - sign)
  YYYY, SYYYY   4 digit year (SYYYY includes space or - sign)
  IYYY      4 digit ISO year
  Y,YYY      4 digit year with comma
  YYY, YY, or Y  last 3, 2, or 1 digit of year
  YEAR, SYEAR   year spelled out (SYEAR includes space or - sign)
  RR       last 2 digits of year in prior or next century
  Q        quarter or year, 1 to 4
  MM       month - from 01 to 12
  MONTH      month spelled out
  MON       month 3 letter abbreviation
  RM       roman numeral for month
  WW       week of year, 1 to 53
  IW       ISO week of year, 1 to 52 or 1 to 53
  W        week of month, 1 to 5 (week 1 begins 1st day of the month)
  D        day of week, 1 to 7
  DD       day of month, 1 to 31
  DDD       day of year, 1 to 366
  DAY       day of week spelled out, nine characters right padded
  DY       day abbreviation
  J        # of days since Jan 1, 4712 BC
  HH, HH12    hour of day, 1 to 12
  HH24      hour of day, 0 to 23
  MI       minute of hour, 0 to 59
  SS       second of minute, 0 to 59
  SSSSS      seconds past midnight, 0 to 86399
  AM, A.M.    am indicator
  PM, P.M.    pm indicator
  any puctuation punctuation between format items, as in 'DD/MM/YY'
  any text    text between format items
  TH       converts 1 to '1st', 2 to '2nd', and so on
  SP       converts 1 to 'one', 2 to 'two', and so on
  SPTH      converts 1 to 'FIRST', 2 to 'SECOND', and so on
  FX       fill exact : uses exact pattern matching
  FM       fill mode : toggles suppression of blanks in output
   
  *******************************************************************************
  

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