举一个web翻页sql调整的实例

发表于:2007-05-25来源:作者:点击数: 标签:sqlweb翻页一个调整
环境: Linux version 2.4.20-8custom (root@web2) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #3 SMP Thu Jun 5 22:03:36 CST 2003 Mem: 2113466368 Swap: 4194881536 CPU:两个超线程的Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz 优化前语句在 mysql 里面

  环境:
  Linux version 2.4.20-8custom (root@web2) (gcc version 3.2.2 20030222 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.2-5)) #3 SMP Thu Jun 5 22:03:36 CST 2003
  Mem: 2113466368 
  Swap: 4194881536 
  CPU:两个超线程的Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz
   
  优化前语句在mysql里面查询15秒左右出来,转移到oracle后进行在不调整索引和语句的情况下执行时间大概是4-5秒,调整后执行时间小于0.5秒。
   
  翻页语句:
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT T1.*, rownum as linenum FROM (
  SELECT /*+ index(a ind_old)*/
  a.category FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category =' 170101 ' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends) T1 WHERE rownum < 18681) WHERE linenum >= 18641
   
  被查询的表:auction_auctions(产品表)
  表结构:
  
  
   Code: [Copy to clipboard] 
  
  SQL> desc auction_auctions;             
   Name                   Null?  Type
   ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
   ID                    NOT NULL VARCHAR2(32)
   USERNAME                      VARCHAR2(32)
   TITLE                       CLOB
   GMT_MODIFIED               NOT NULL DATE
   STARTS                  NOT NULL DATE
   DESCRIPTION                    CLOB
   PICT_URL                      CLOB
   CATEGORY                 NOT NULL VARCHAR2(11)
   MINIMUM_BID                    NUMBER
   RESERVE_PRICE                   NUMBER
   BUY_NOW                      NUMBER
   AUCTION_TYPE                    CHAR(1)
   DURATION                      VARCHAR2(7)
   INCREMENTNUM               NOT NULL NUMBER
   CITY                        VARCHAR2(30)
   PROV                        VARCHAR2(20)
   LOCATION                      VARCHAR2(40)
   LOCATION_ZIP                    VARCHAR2(6)
   SHIPPING                      CHAR(1)
   PAYMENT                      CLOB
   INTERNATIONAL                   CHAR(1)
   ENDS                   NOT NULL DATE
   CURRENT_BID                    NUMBER
   CLOSED                       CHAR(2)
   PHOTO_UPLOADED                   CHAR(1)
   QUANTITY                      NUMBER(11)
   STORY                       CLOB
   HAVE_INVOICE               NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   HAVE_GUARANTEE              NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   STUFF_STATUS               NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   APPROVE_STATUS              NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   OLD_STARTS                NOT NULL DATE
   ZOO                        VARCHAR2(10)
   PROMOTED_STATUS              NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   REPOST_TYPE                    CHAR(1)
   REPOST_TIMES               NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
   SECURE_TRADE_AGREE            NOT NULL NUMBER(1)
   SECURE_TRADE_TRANSACTION_FEE            VARCHAR2(16)
   SECURE_TRADE_ORDINARY_POST_FEE           NUMBER
   SECURE_TRADE_FAST_POST_FEE             NUMBER
  
  
  
  
  表记录数及大小
  SQL> select count(*) from auction_auctions;
   
    COUNT(*)
  ----------
  537351
   
  SQL> select segment_name,bytes,blocks from user_segments where segment_name ='AUCTION_AUCTIONS';
   
  SEGMENT_NAME     BYTES   BLOCKS
  AUCTION_AUCTIONS   1059061760   129280
   
  表上原有的索引
  create index ind_old on auction_auctions(closed,approve_status,category,ends) tablespace tbsindex compress 2;
   
  SQL> select segment_name,bytes,blocks from user_segments where segment_name = 'IND_OLD';
   
  SEGMENT_NAME      BYTES   BLOCKS
  IND_OLD          20971520    2560
   
  表和索引都已经分析过,我们来看一下sql执行的费用
  SQL> set autotrace trace;
  SQL> SELECT * FROM (SELECT T1.*, rownum as linenum FROM (SELECT a.* FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends) T1 WHERE rownum <18681) WHERE linenum >= 18641;
   
  40 rows selected.
   
  Execution Plan
  ----------------------------------------------------------
    0   SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=19152 Card=18347 Byt
        es=190698718)
   
    1  0  VIEW (Cost=19152 Card=18347 Bytes=190698718)
    2  1   COUNT (STOPKEY)
    3  2    VIEW (Cost=19152 Card=18347 Bytes=190460207)
    4  3     TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'AUCTION_AUCTIONS'
        (Cost=19152 Card=18347 Bytes=20860539)
   
    5  4      INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IND_OLD' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost
        =810 Card=186003)
   
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
        0 recursive calls
        0 db block gets
      19437 consistent gets
      18262 physical reads
        0 redo size
     114300 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      56356 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       435 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
        0 sorts (memory)
        0 sorts (disk)
       40 rows processed
   
  我们可以看到这条sql语句通过索引范围扫描找到最里面的结果集,然后通过两个view操作最后得出数据。其中18502 consistent gets,17901 physical reads
   
  我们来看一下这个索引建的到底合不合理,先看下各个查寻列的distinct值
  select count(distinct ends) from auction_auctions;
   
  COUNT(DISTINCTENDS)
  -------------------
         338965
   
  SQL> select count(distinct category) from auction_auctions;
   
  COUNT(DISTINCTCATEGORY)
  -----------------------
            1148
   
  SQL> select count(distinct closed) from auction_auctions;
   
  COUNT(DISTINCTCLOSED)
  ---------------------
             2
  SQL> select count(distinct approve_status) from auction_auctions;
   
  COUNT(DISTINCTAPPROVE_STATUS)
  -----------------------------
                 5
   
  页索引里列平均存储长度
  SQL> select avg(vsize(ends)) from auction_auctions;
   
  AVG(VSIZE(ENDS))
  ----------------
          7
   
  SQL> select avg(vsize(closed)) from auction_auctions;
   
  AVG(VSIZE(CLOSED))
  ------------------
           2
   
  SQL> select avg(vsize(category)) from auction_auctions;
   
  AVG(VSIZE(CATEGORY))
  --------------------
        5.52313106
   
  SQL> select avg(vsize(approve_status)) from auction_auctions;
   
  AVG(VSIZE(APPROVE_STATUS))
  --------------------------
           1.67639401
   
  我们来估算一下各种组合索引的大小,可以看到closed,approve_status,category都是相对较低集势的列(重复值较多),下面我们来大概计算下各种页索引需要的空间
   
  column        distinct num    column len
  ends         338965       7 
  category        1148        5.5
  closed         2          2 
  approve_status     5          1.7 
   
  index1: (ends,closed,category,approve_status) compress 2
  ends:distinct number---338965
  closed: distinct number---2
  index size=338965*2*(9+2)+ 537351*(1.7+5.5+6)=14603998
   
  index2: (closed,category,ends,approve_status)
  closed: distinct number---2
  category: distinct number---1148
  index size=2*1148*(2+5.5)+537351*(7+1.7+6)=7916279
   
  index3: (closed,approve_status,category,ends)
  closed: distinct number---2
  approve_status: distinct number—5
  index size=2*5*(2+1.7)+537351*(7+5.5+6)=9941030
   
  结果出来了,index2: (closed,category,ends,approve_status)的索引最小
   
  我们再来看一下语句
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT T1.*, rownum as linenum FROM (SELECT a.* FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends) T1 WHERE rownum <18681) WHERE linenum >= 18641;
  可以看出这个sql语句有很大优化余地,首先最里面的结果集SELECT a.* FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends,这里的话会走index range scan,然后table scan by rowid,这样的话如果符合条件的数据多的话相当耗资源,我们可以改写成
  SELECT a.rowid FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends
  这样的话最里面的结果集只需要index fast full scan就可以完成了,再改写一下得出以下语句
   
  select * from auction_auctions where rowid in (SELECT rid FROM (
  SELECT T1.rowid rid, rownum as linenum FROM 
  (SELECT a.rowid FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND 
  (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.ends) T1 WHERE rownum < 18681) WHERE linenum >= 18641)
   
  下面我们来测试一下这个索引的查询开销
   
  select * from auction_auctions where rowid in (SELECT rid FROM (
  SELECT T1.rowid rid, rownum as linenum FROM 
  (SELECT a.rowid FROM auction_auctions a WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND 
  (a.approve_status>=0) ORDER BY a.closed,a.ends) T1 WHERE rownum < 18681) WHERE linenum >= 18641)
   
  Execution Plan
  ----------------------------------------------------------
    0   SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=18698 Card=18344 Byt
        es=21224008)
   
    1  0  NESTED LOOPS (Cost=18698 Card=18344 Bytes=21224008)
    2  1   VIEW (Cost=264 Card=18344 Bytes=366880)
    3  2    SORT (UNIQUE)
    4  3     COUNT (STOPKEY)
    5  4      VIEW (Cost=264 Card=18344 Bytes=128408)
    6  5       SORT (ORDER BY STOPKEY) (Cost=264 Card=18344 Byt
        es=440256)
   
    7  6        INDEX (FAST FULL SCAN) OF 'IDX_AUCTION_BROWSE'
        (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=159 Card=18344 Bytes=440256)
   
    8  1   TABLE ACCESS (BY USER ROWID) OF 'AUCTION_AUCTIONS' (Cost
        =1 Card=1 Bytes=1137)
   
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
        0 recursive calls
        0 db block gets
      2080 consistent gets
      1516 physical reads
        0 redo size
     114840 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      56779 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       438 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
        2 sorts (memory)
        0 sorts (disk)
       40 rows processed
   
  可以看到consistent gets从19437降到2080,physical reads从18262降到1516,查询时间也丛4秒左右下降到0。5秒,可以来说这次sql调整取得了预期的效果。
   
  今天又修改了一下语句,
   
  SQL> select * from auction_auctions where rowid in 
    2 (SELECT rid FROM (                       
    3 SELECT T1.rowid rid, rownum as linenum FROM                                 
    4 (SELECT a.rowid FROM auction_auctions a 
    5   WHERE a.category like '18%' AND a.closed='0' AND ends > sysdate AND 
  a.approve_status>=0
    6  7 ORDER BY a.closed,a.category,a.ends) T1 
    8 WHERE rownum < 18600) WHERE linenum >= 18560)  ;
   
  40 rows selected.
   
  Execution Plan
  ----------------------------------------------------------
    0   SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=17912 Card=17604 Byt
        es=20367828)
   
    1  0  NESTED LOOPS (Cost=17912 Card=17604 Bytes=20367828)
    2  1   VIEW (Cost=221 Card=17604 Bytes=352080)
    3  2    SORT (UNIQUE)
    4  3     COUNT (STOPKEY)
    5  4      VIEW (Cost=221 Card=17604 Bytes=123228)
    6  5       INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_AUCTION_BROWSE' (NON-
        UNIQUE) (Cost=221 Card=17604 Bytes=422496)
   
    7  1   TABLE ACCESS (BY USER ROWID) OF 'AUCTION_AUCTIONS' (Cost
        =1 Card=1 Bytes=1137)
   
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
        0 recursive calls
        0 db block gets
       550 consistent gets
       14 physical reads
        0 redo size
     117106 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      56497 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       436 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
        1 sorts (memory)
        0 sorts (disk)
       40 rows processed
   
  在order by里加上索引前导列,消除了
    6  5       SORT (ORDER BY STOPKEY) (Cost=264 Card=18344 Byt
        es=440256)
  ,把consistent gets从2080降到550 

原文转自:http://www.ltesting.net