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在单机上创建物理的Oracle9istandby数据库
说明；Oracle9i数据库的Data Guard 特性确保对数据进行完整的保护,是Oracle 9i的一个关键特性之一．Data Guard可以创建物理的Standby数据库，也可以创建逻辑的Standby数据库,还可以混合使用，灵活性比较强．这个文档是Fenng练习时候记下来的东西，谈不上是什么心得．*这不过是一份安装过程中的笔记而已* 如果对这个有更高的期望，或者想得到关于Oracle数据库的data guard 和Standby的更多信息，请参考官方的文档．
系统环境：Windows 2000 专业版 SP3 512M 内存
现有的数据库实例（Primary）名字：Demo
预创建的Standby 数据库实例名字：Pstandby
数据库版本信息：
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
准备工作
首先确认Primary数据库是否在归档模式下
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL>
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive
Oldest online log sequence 42
Next log sequence to archive 44
Current log sequence 44
如果不在归档模式下，调整数据库。
首先提交命令修改SPfile：
SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE scope=spfile;
然后关闭数据库实例
SQL>SHUTDOWN
备份数据库
SQL>STARTUP MOUNT
SQL>ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
备份
1. Primary Database 需要做的准备工作：
1.1 激活 Forced Logging
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
1.2 设置本地归档目标
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\Archive' SCOPE=BOTH;
此操作直接生效
2.创建物理的Standby数据库
2.1 标记出Primary数据库的数据文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
-----------------------------------------------------
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\SYSTEM01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\UNDOTBS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\CWMLITE01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\DRSYS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\EXAMPLE01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\INDX01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\ODM01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\TOOLS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\USERS01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\XDB01.DBF
D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\DEMO\OEM_REPOSITORY.DBF
11 rows selected.
SQL>
2.2 关闭Instance 拷贝数据文件到既定目的地
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
2.3 为Standby 数据库创建控制文件
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE
AS 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\DEMOSTANDBY.CTL';
要注意这个控制文件的名字不要和Primary的控制文件名字重复
2.4 为Standby数据库准备初始化参数文件名字：
SQL> CREATE PFILE='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\initpstandby' FROM SPFILE;
2.5 设定初始化Physical Standby Database参数
*.aq_tm_processes=1
*.background_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\bdump'
*.compatible='9.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\DEMOSTANDBY.CTL'
*.core_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=19922944
*.db_domain='
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32
*.db_name='DEMO'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300
*.hash_area_size=1048576
*.hash_join_enabled=TRUE
*.instance_name='pstandby'
*.java_pool_size=20971520
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.large_pool_size=7340032
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive'
*.log_archive_start=TRUE
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS'
*.pga_aggregate_target=17825792
*.processes=150
*.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.shared_pool_size=33554432
*.sort_area_size=1048576
*.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE'
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\udump'
lock_name_space=pstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
remote_archive_enable=TRUE
standby_archive_dest='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\Archive'
db_file_name_convert=('D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO', 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\')
log_file_name_convert=('D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO', 'C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\')
log_archive_dest_1=('LOCATION=C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\Archive')
整个操作的过程中，容易出现错误的地方几乎都集中在此处。必须认真仔细的对待这个文件。标记为黑色的地方是需要进行修改的。
2.6 创建一个Windows服务
WINNT> oradim -NEW -SID Pstandby -STARTMODE manual
2.7 Create a Server Parameter File for the Standby Database
可参考执行如下操作：
C:\>set oracle_sid=pstandby
C:\>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='C:\DataGuard\Pstandby\DEMO\initPstandby.ora';
2.8 启动物理Standby数据库
C:\>set oracle_sid=pstandby
C:\>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;
2.9 在Standby数据库上，初始化Log Apply 服务:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
2.10 激活到物理Standby数据库的归档
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=Pstandby' SCOPE=BOTH;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE SCOPE=BOTH;
2.11 启动远程归档
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
3.安装完的的验证：
3.1在database, 查询V$ARCHIVED_LOG
(其实也可以直接到相关目录下查看Log是否创建):
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
2 FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ----------
38 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
39 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
40 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
41 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
42 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
3.2 在Primary数据库上，归档当前的Log
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
3.3 验证是否收到：
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
2> FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ----------
38 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
39 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
40 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
41 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
42 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
43 23-7? -02 23-7? -02
3.4 验证是否新的归档Redo日志已经被应用：
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log
2 order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
38 YES
39 YES
40 YES
41 YES
42 YES
43 YES
OK.表明我们还是成功的。暂时告一段落。
参考文档
Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration
Release 2 (9.2)
Part Number A96653-02
附加内容：
primary数据库的Pfile内容：
*.aq_tm_processes=1
*.background_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\bdump'
*.compatible='9.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL01.CTL',
'D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL02.CTL','D:\oracle\oradata\DEMO\CONTROL03.CTL'
*.core_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=19922944
*.db_domain='
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32
*.db_name='DEMO'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DEMOXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300
*.hash_area_size=1048576
*.hash_join_enabled=TRUE
*.instance_name='DEMO'
*.java_pool_size=20971520
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.large_pool_size=7340032
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=d:\oracle\oradata\demo\archive'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PSTANDBY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_start=TRUE
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_mode='FIRST_ROWS'
*.pga_aggregate_target=17825792
*.processes=150
*.query_rewrite_enabled='TRUE'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.shared_pool_size=33554432
*.sort_area_size=1048576
*.star_transformation_enabled='TRUE'
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='D:\oracle\admin\DEMO\udump'
创建过程中的可能的错误：待续
