Apache Reference Manual (4)

<DirectoryMatch>
Syntax: <DirectoryMatch regex> ... </DirectoryMatch>
Context: server config, virtual host
Status: Core.
Compatibility: Available in Apache 1.3 and later
<DirectoryMatch> and </DirectoryMatch> are used to enclose a group of directives which will apply only to the named directory and sub-directories of that directory, the same as <Directory>. However, it takes as an argument a regular expression. For example:

   <DirectoryMatch "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}">

would match directories in /www/ that consisted of three numbers.

See Also: <Directory> for a description of how regular expressions are mixed in with normal <Directory>s.
See also: How Directory, Location and Files sections work for an explanation of how these different sections are combined when a request is received


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DocumentRoot directive
Syntax: DocumentRoot directory-filename
Default: DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs
Context: server config, virtual host
Status: core
This directive sets the directory from which httpd will serve files. Unless matched by a directive like Alias, the server appends the path from the requested URL to the document root to make the path to the document. Example:

DocumentRoot /usr/web
then an aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccess to http://www.my.host.com/index.html refers to /usr/web/index.html.
There appears to be a bug in mod_dir which causes problems when the DocumentRoot has a trailing slash (i.e., "DocumentRoot /usr/web/") so please avoid that.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ErrorDocument directive
Syntax: ErrorDocument error-code document
Context: server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Status: core
Override: FileInfo
Compatibility: The directory and .htaccess contexts are only available in Apache 1.1 and later.
In the event of a problem or error, Apache can be configured to do one of four things,

output a simple hardcoded error message
output a customized message
redirect to a local URL to handle the problem/error
redirect to an external URL to handle the problem/error
The first option is the default, while options 2-4 are configured using the ErrorDocument directive, which is followed by the HTTP response code and a message or URL.

Messages in this context begin with a single quote ("), which does not form part of the message itself. Apache will sometimes offer additional information regarding the problem/error.

URLs can begin with a slash (/) for local URLs, or be a full URL which the client can resolve. Examples:

ErrorDocument 500 http://foo.example.com/cgi-bin/tester
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/bad_urls.pl
ErrorDocument 401 /subscription_info.html
ErrorDocument 403 "Sorry can@#t allow you access today
Note that when you specify an ErrorDocument that points to a remote URL (ie. anything with a method such as "http" in front of it) Apache will send a redirect to the client to tell it where to find the document, even if the document ends up being on the same server.. This has several implications, the most important being that if you use an "ErrorDocument 401" directive then it must refer to a local document. This results from the nature of the HTTP basic authentication scheme.

See Also: documentation of customizable responses.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ErrorLog directive
Syntax: ErrorLog filename|syslog[:facility]
Default: ErrorLog logs/error_log (Unix)
Default: ErrorLog logs/error.log (Windows and OS/2)
Context: server config, virtual host
Status: core
The error log directive sets the name of the file to which the server will log any errors it encounters. If the filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. If the filename begins with a pipe (|) then it is assumed to be a command to spawn to handle the error log.

Apache 1.3 and above: Using syslog instead of a filename enables logging via syslogd(8) if the system supports it. The default is to use syslog facility local7, but you can override this by using the syslog:facility syntax where facility can be one of the names usually documented in syslog(1).

SECURITY: See the security tips document for details on why your security could be compromised if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by anyone other than the user that starts the server.

See also: LogLevel



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<Files> directive
Syntax: <Files filename> ... </Files>
Context: server config, virtual host, .htaccess
Status: core
Compatibility: only available in Apache 1.2 and above.

The <Files> directive provides for access control by filename. It is comparable to the <Directory> directive and <Location> directives. It should be matched with a </Files> directive. The directives given within this section will be applied to any object with a basename (last component of filename) matching the specified filename. <Files> sections are processed in the order they appear in the configuration file, after the <Directory> sections and .htaccess files are read, but before <Location> sections. Note that <Files> can be nested inside <Directory> sections to restrict the portion of the filesystem they apply to.

The filename argument should include a filename, or a wild-card string, where `?@# matches any single character, and `*@# matches any sequences of characters. Extended regular expressions can also be used, with the addition of the ~ character. For example:

   <Files ~ "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$">

would match most common Internet graphics formats. In Apache 1.3 and later, <FilesMatch> is preferred, however.
Note that unlike <Directory> and <Location> sections, <Files> sections can be used inside .htaccess files. This allows users to control access to their own files, at a file-by-file level.

See also: How Directory, Location and Files sections work for an explanation of how these different sections are combined when a request is received

------------------------------------------------

原文转自：http://www.ltesting.net