代码: RewriteRule ^(/[uge]/[^/]+/?.*):refresh /internal/cgi/apache/nph-refresh?f=$1 然后,修改URL 代码: /u/foo/bar/page.html:refresh 以内部地操控此URL 代码: /internal/cgi/apache/nph-refresh?f=/u/foo/bar/page.html 接着就是NPH-CGI脚本部分了。虽然,人们常说"left as an exercise to the reader",我还是给出答案了。 代码: #!/sw/bin/perl ## ## nph-refresh -- NPH/CGI script for auto refreshing pages ## Copyright (c) 1997 Ralf S. Engelschall, All Rights Reserved. ## $| = 1; # split the QUERY_STRING variable @pairs = split(/&/, $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}); foreach $pair (@pairs) { ($name, $value) = split(/=/, $pair); $name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; $name = 'QS_' . $name; $value =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C", hex($1))/eg; eval "\$$name = \"$value\""; } $QS_s = 1 if ($QS_s eq ''); $QS_n = 3600 if ($QS_n eq ''); if ($QS_f eq '') { print "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n"; print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; print "&b&ERROR&/b&: No file given\n"; exit(0); } if (! -f $QS_f) { print "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n"; print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; print "&b&ERROR&/b&: File $QS_f not found\n"; exit(0); } sub print_http_headers_multipart_begin { print "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n"; $bound = "ThisRandomString12345"; print "Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=$bound\n"; &print_http_headers_multipart_next; } sub print_http_headers_multipart_next { print "\n--$bound\n"; } sub print_http_headers_multipart_end { print "\n--$bound--\n"; } sub displayhtml { local($buffer) = @_; $len = length($buffer); print "Content-type: text/html\n"; print "Content-length: $len\n\n"; print $buffer; } sub readfile { local($file) = @_; local(*FP, $size, $buffer, $bytes); ($x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $size) = stat($file); $size = sprintf("%d", $size); open(FP, "&$file"); $bytes = sysread(FP, $buffer, $size); close(FP); return $buffer; } $buffer = &readfile($QS_f); &print_http_headers_multipart_begin; &displayhtml($buffer); sub mystat { local($file) = $_[0]; local($time); ($x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $x, $mtime) = stat($file); return $mtime; } $mtimeL = &mystat($QS_f); $mtime = $mtime; for ($n = 0; $n & $QS_n; $n++) { while (1) { $mtime = &mystat($QS_f); if ($mtime ne $mtimeL) { $mtimeL = $mtime; sleep(2); $buffer = &readfile($QS_f); &print_http_headers_multipart_next; &displayhtml($buffer); sleep(5); $mtimeL = &mystat($QS_f); last; } sleep($QS_s); } } &print_http_headers_multipart_end; exit(0); ##EOF## 大型虚拟主机 说明: Apache的功能很强,在有几十个虚拟主机的情况下运行得很好,但是如果你是ISP,需要提供几百个虚拟主机,那么这就不是一个最佳的选择了。 方案: 为此,需要用代理吞吐(Proxy Throughput)功能(flag [P])映射远程页面甚至整个远程网络区域到自己的名称空间: 代码: ## ## vhost.map ## www.vhost1.dom:80 /path/to/docroot/vhost1 www.vhost2.dom:80 /path/to/docroot/vhost2 : www.vhostN.dom:80 /path/to/docroot/vhostN 代码: ## ## httpd.conf ## : # use the canonical hostname on redirects, etc. UseCanonicalName on : # add the virtual host in front of the CLF-format CustomLog /path/to/aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccess_log "%{VHOST}e %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" : # enable the rewriting engine in the main server RewriteEngine on # define two maps: one for fixing the URL and one which defines # the available virtual hosts with their corresponding # DocumentRoot. RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower RewriteMap vhost txt:/path/to/vhost.map # Now do the actual virtual host mapping # via a huge and complicated single rule: # # 1. make sure we don't map for common locations RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URL} !^/commonurl1/.* RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URL} !^/commonurl2/.* : RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URL} !^/commonurlN/.* # # 2. make sure we have a Host header, because # currently our approach only supports # virtual hosting through this header RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$ # # 3. lowercase the hostname RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{HTTP_HOST}|NONE} ^(.+)$ # # 4. lookup this hostname in vhost.map and # remember it only when it is a path # (and not "NONE" from above) RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$ # # 5. finally we can map the URL to its docroot location # and remember the virtual host for logging puposes RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/$1 [E=VHOST:${lowercase:%{HTTP_HOST}}] : 对访问的限制 阻止Robots 说明: 如何阻止一个完全匿名的robot取得特定网络区域的页面?一个/robots.txt文件可以包含若干"Robot Exclusion Protocol(robot排除协议)"的行,但不足以阻止此类robot。 方案: 可以用一个规则集以拒绝对网络区域/~quux/foo/arc/(对一个很深的目录区域进行列表可能会使服务器产生很大的负载)的访问。还必须确保仅阻止特定的robot,就是说,仅仅阻止robot访问主机是不够的,这样会同时也阻止了用户访问该主机。为此,就需要对HTTP头的User-Agent信息作匹配。 代码: RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NameOfBadRobot.* RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^123\.45\.67\.[8-9]$ RewriteRule ^/~quux/foo/arc/.+ - [F] 阻止内嵌的图片 说明: 假设,http://www.quux-corp.de/~quux/有一些内嵌图片的页面,这些图片很好,所以就有人用超链连到他们自己的页面中了。由于这样徒然增加了我们的服务器的流量,因此,我们不愿意这种事情发生。 方案: 虽然,我们不能100%地保护这些图片不被写入别人的页面,但至少可以对发出HTTP Referer头的浏览器加以限制。 代码: RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.quux-corp.de/~quux/.*$ [NC] RewriteRule .*\.gif$ - [F] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !.*/foo-with-gif\.html$ RewriteRule ^inlined-in-foo\.gif$ - [F] 对主机的拒绝 说明: 如何拒绝一批外部列表中的主机对我们服务器的使用? 方案: 代码: For Apache >= 1.3b6: RewriteEngine on RewriteMap hosts-deny txt:/path/to/hosts.deny RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_HOST}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND [OR] RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_ADDR}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND RewriteRule ^/.* - [F] For Apache <= 1.3b6: RewriteEngine on RewriteMap hosts-deny txt:/path/to/hosts.deny RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_HOST}|NOT-FOUND}/$1 RewriteRule !^NOT-FOUND/.* - [F] RewriteRule ^NOT-FOUND/(.*)$ ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_ADDR}|NOT-FOUND}/$1 RewriteRule !^NOT-FOUND/.* - [F] RewriteRule ^NOT-FOUND/(.*)$ /$1 代码: ## ## hosts.deny ## ## ATTENTION! This is a map, not a list, even when we treat it as such. ## mod_rewrite parses it for key/value pairs, so at least a ## dummy value "-" must be present for each entry. ## 193.102.180.41 - bsdti1.sdm.de - 192.76.162.40 - 对代理的拒绝 说明: 如何拒绝某个主机或者来自特定主机的用户使用Apache代理? 方案: 首先,要确保Apache网站服务器在编译时配置文件中mod_rewrite在mod_proxy的下面(!),使它在mod_proxy之前被调用。然后,如下拒绝某个主机... 代码: RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} ^badhost\.mydomain\.com$ RewriteRule !^http://[^/.]\.mydomain.com.* - [F] ...如下拒绝user@host-dependent: 代码: RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} ^badguy@badhost\.mydomain\.com$ RewriteRule !^http://[^/.]\.mydomain.com.* - [F] 特殊的认证 说明: 有时候,会需要一种非常特殊的认证,即,对一组明确指定的用户,允许其访问,而没有(在使用mod_access的基本认证方法时可能会出现的)任何提示。 方案: 可是使用一个重写条件列表来排除所有的朋友: 代码: RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend1@client1.quux-corp\.com$ RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend2@client2.quux-corp\.com$ RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend3@client3.quux-corp\.com$ RewriteRule ^/~quux/only-for-friends/ - [F] 基于提交者(Referer)的反射器 说明: 如何配置一个基于HTTP头"Referer"的反射器以反射到任意数量的提交页面? 方案: 使用这个很技巧的规则集... 代码: RewriteMap deflector txt:/path/to/deflector.map RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !="" RewriteCond ${deflector:%{HTTP_REFERER}} ^-$ RewriteRule ^.* %{HTTP_REFERER} [R,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !="" RewriteCond ${deflector:%{HTTP_REFERER}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND RewriteRule ^.* ${deflector:%{HTTP_REFERER}} [R,L] ... 并结合对应的重写地图: 代码: ## ## deflector.map ## http://www.badguys.com/bad/index.html - http://www.badguys.com/bad/index2.html - http://www.badguys.com/bad/index3.html http://somewhere.com/ 它可以自动将请求(在地图中指定了"-"值的时候)反射回其提交页面,或者(在地图中URL有第二个参数时)反射到一个特定的URL。 其他 外部重写引擎 说明: 一个常见的问题: 如何解决似乎无法用mod_rewrite解决的FOO/BAR/QUUX/之类的问题? 方案: 可以使用一个与RewriteMap功能相同的外部RewriteMap程序,一旦它在Apache启动时被执行,则从STDIN接收被请求的URL,并将处理过(通常是重写过的)的URL(以相同顺序!)在STDOUT输出。 代码: RewriteEngine on RewriteMap quux-map prg:/path/to/map.quux.pl RewriteRule ^/~quux/(.*)$ /~quux/${quux-map:$1} 代码: #!/path/to/perl # disable buffered I/O which would lead # to deadloops for the Apache server $| = 1; # read URLs one per line from stdin and # generate substitution URL on stdout while (<>) { s|^foo/|bar/|; print $_; } 这是一个作演示的例子,只是把所有的URL /~quux/foo/...重写为/~quux/bar/...,而事实上,可以把它修改以获得任何你需要的功能。但是要注意,虽然一般用户都可以使用,可是只有系统管理员才可以定义这样的地图。 |
(出处:Im286)