安装FreeBSD5.4Release 和汉化

一、安装FreeBSD5.4Release

从http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html选择一个FTP服务器下载，然后刻成光盘。接下来从光盘安装，我的几点选项：

1、选择软件包时选择最小化安装。
2、安装到ports时选择net-->cvsup，以便更新ports。

一、安装FreeBSD5.4Release

从http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html选择一个FTP服务器下载，然后刻成光盘。接下来从光盘安装，我的几点选项：

1、选择软件包时选择最小化安装。
2、安装到ports时选择net-->cvsup，以便更新ports。

其它的都默认安装，具体可参考：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/install-start.html，安装完后重启机器。

二、配置FreeBSD

1、配置/etc/rc.conf，我的rc.conf:

代码:
hostname="gjf.jscpu.com"
defaultrouter="192.168.20.254"
ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.121.250 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_rl1="inet 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
inetd_enable="YES"
linux_enable="YES"
moused_enable="YES"
#sshd_enable="YES"
#usbd_enable="YES"

2、配置/etc/resolv.conf，我的resolv.conf:

代码:
domain  jscpu.com
nameserver      221.228.255.1
nameserver      218.2.135.1

完成后重启机器。

3、将光盘放入光驱中，安装ports和src

代码:
#/stand/sysinstall

然后选择Configure-->Distributions，然后利用空格键选择src和ports两项，点install，安装完成后重启机器。

4、启用ftp（后面上传文件用）

代码:
#cd /etc
# ee inetd.conf

将ftp     stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/libexec/ftpd       ftpd -l一行的#号去掉。
保存后退出。

三、升级ports

代码:
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc/funpower
#cd /etc
# ee funpower

修改下面一行：
default host=cvsup2.FreeBSDChina.org
然后运行如下命令：
代码:
#cvsup -g -L 2  funpower

完成安装后重启机器。

四、配置内核文件

配置内核时每项说明可以参考这：http://people.freebsdchina.org/kinki/9.htm，配置中要加入对声卡的支持，关于如何安装声卡可以参考这：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html
下面是具体的操作：

代码:
#cd /sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC funpower
#ee funpower

我的内核文件如下：

代码:
#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
#    http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $

machine   i386
cpu      I686_CPU
ident      funpower

# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints      "GENERIC.hints"      # Default places to look for devices.

options    SCHED_4BSD      # 4BSD scheduler
options    INET         # InterNETworking
options    INET6         # IPv6 communications protocols
options    FFS         # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options    SOFTUPDATES      # Enable FFS soft updates support
options    UFS_ACL         # Support for aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccess control lists
options    UFS_DIRHASH      # Improve performance on big directories
options    MD_ROOT         # MD is a potential root device
options    NFSCLIENT      # Network Filesystem Client
options    NFSSERVER      # Network Filesystem Server
options    NFS_ROOT      # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT
options    MSDOSFS         # MSDOS Filesystem
options    CD9660         # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options    PROCFS         # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options    PSEUDOFS      # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options    GEOM_GPT      # GUID Partition Tables.
options    COMPAT_43      # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options    COMPAT_FREEBSD4      # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options    SCSI_DELAY=15000   # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options    KTRACE         # ktrace(1) support
options    SYSVSHM         # SYSV-style shared memory
options    SYSVMSG      #
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
#    http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $

machine      i386
cpu      I686_CPU
ident      funpower

# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints      "GENERIC.hints"      # Default places to look for devices.

options    SCHED_4BSD      # 4BSD scheduler
options    INET         # InterNETworking
options    INET6         # IPv6 communications protocols
options    FFS         # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options    SOFTUPDATES      # Enable FFS soft updates support
options    UFS_ACL         # Support for access control lists
options    UFS_DIRHASH         # SYSV-style message queues
options    SYSVSEM         # SYSV-style semaphores
options    _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options    KBD_INSTALL_CDEV   # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options    AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT   # Print register bitfields in debug
               # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
options    AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT   # Print register bitfields in debug
               # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
options    ADAPTIVE_GIANT      # Giant mutex is adaptive.

device      apic         # I/O APIC

# Bus support.  Do not remove isa, even if you have no isa slots
device      isa
device      eisa
device      pci

# Floppy drives
#device      fdc

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device      ata
device      atadisk      # ATA disk drives
#device      ataraid      # ATA RAID drives
device      atapicd      # ATAPI CDROM drives
#device      atapifd      # ATAPI floppy drives
#device      atapist      # ATAPI tape drives
options    ATA_STATIC_ID   # Static device numbering

#加载声卡
device sound
device "snd_emu10k1"

# SCSI Controllers
#device      ahb      # EISA AHA1742 family
#device      ahc      # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
#device      ahd      # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
#device      amd      # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
#device      isp      # Qlogic family
#device      mpt      # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device      ncr      # NCR/Symbios Logic
#device      sym      # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
#device      trm      # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

#device      adv      # Advansys SCSI adapters
#device      adw      # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
#device      aha      # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
#device      aic      # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
#device      bt      # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

#device      ncv      # NCR 53C500
#device      nsp      # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
#device      stg      # TMC 18C30/18C50

# SCSI peripherals
#device      scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
#device      ch      # SCSI media changers
#device      da      # Direct Access (disks)
#device      sa      # Sequential Access (tape etc)
#device      cd      # CD
#device      pass      # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
#device      ses      # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)

# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
#device      amr      # AMI MegaRAID
#device      arcmsr      # Areca SATA II RAID
#device      asr      # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
#device      ciss      # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
#device      dpt      # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
#device      hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
#device      iir      # Intel Integrated RAID
#device      ips      # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
#device      mly      # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
#device      twa      # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
#device      aac      # Adaptec FSA RAID
#device      aacp      # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
#device      ida      # Compaq Smart RAID
#device      mlx      # Mylex DAC960 family
#device      pst      # Promise Supertrak SX6000
#device      twe      # 3ware ATA RAID

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device      atkbdc      # AT keyboard controller
device      atkbd      # AT keyboard
device      psm      # PS/2 mouse

device      vga      # VGA video card driver

device      splash      # Splash screen and screen saver support

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device      sc

# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device      vt
#options    XSERVER      # support for X server on a vt console
#options    FAT_CURSOR   # start with block cursor

device      agp      # support several AGP chipsets

# Floating point support - do not disable.
device      npx

# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device      apm
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device      pmtimer

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
#device      cbb      # cardbus (yenta) bridge
#device      pccard      # PC Card (16-bit) bus
#device      cardbus      # CardBus (32-bit) bus

# Serial (COM) ports
device      sio      # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports

# Parallel port
device      ppc
device      ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)
device      lpt      # Printer
device      plip      # TCP/IP over parallel
device      ppi      # Parallel port interface device
#device      vpo      # Requires scbus and da

# If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
# supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
# line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
#device         puc

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device      de      # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
device      em      # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device      ixgb      # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device      txp      # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
device      vx      # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device      miibus      # MII bus support
#device      bfe      # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
#device      bge      # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
#device      dc      # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
#device      fxp      # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
#device      lge      # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
#device      nge      # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
#device      pcn      # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
#device      re      # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device      rl      # RealTek 8129/8139
#device      sf      # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
#device      sis      # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
#device      sk      # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
#device      ste      # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
#device      ti      # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
#device      tl      # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
#device      tx      # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
device      vge      # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device      vr      # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
#device      wb      # Winbond W89C840F
device      xl      # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')

# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
#device      cs      # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device      ed      # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device      ex      # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device      ep      # Etherlink III based cards
device      fe      # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device      ie      # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device      lnc      # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device      sn      # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device      xe      # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device      le

# Wireless NIC cards
device      wlan      # 802.11 support
device      an      # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device      awi      # BayStack 660 and others
device      wi      # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device      wl      # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.

# Pseudo devices.
device      loop      # Network loopback
device      mem      # Memory and kernel memory devices
device      io      # I/O device
device      random      # Entropy device
device      ether      # Ethernet support
#device      sl      # Kernel SLIP
#device      ppp      # Kernel PPP
device      tun      # Packet tunnel.
device      pty      # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device      md      # Memory "disks"
device      gif      # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
device      faith      # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)

# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device      bpf      # Berkeley packet filter

# USB support
#device      uhci      # UHCI PCI->USB interface
#device      ohci      # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device      ehci      # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
#device      usb      # USB Bus (required)
#device      udbp      # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
#device      ugen      # Generic
#device      uhid      # "Human Interface Devices"
#device      ukbd      # Keyboard
#device      ulpt      # Printer
#device      umass      # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
#device      ums      # Mouse
#device      urio      # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
#device      uscanner   # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
#device      aue      # ADMtek USB Ethernet
#device      axe      # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
#device      cdce      # Generic USB over Ethernet
#device      cue      # CATC USB Ethernet
#device      kue      # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
#device      rue      # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet

# FireWire support
#device      firewire   # FireWire bus code
#device      sbp      # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
#device      fwe      # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

编辑好funpower后开始编译安装内核：

代码:
#/usr/sbin/config funpower
#cd ../../compile/funpower
#make depend
#make
#make intall

编译安装完成后重启机器。

五、安装Xorg和Gnome

为了安装方便，将1号和2号光盘的Packages文件夹的软件全部COPY到/usr/soft中：

代码:
#mkdir /usr/soft
#mount /cdrom
#cd /cdrom
#cp -R * /usr/soft

通过上面的方法将2号盘的Packages也拷入/usr/soft中。

接下来开始安装:

代码:
#cd /usr/soft
#pkg_add xorg-6.8.2.tbz //freebsd5.3之后都用xrog,不用XFree86了
#pkg_add gnome2-2.10.0.tbz

完成安装后重启机器。

六、配置xorg.conf

代码:
#cd /usr/X11R6/bin
#./xorgcfg -textmode

根据自己的硬件配置每个选项，然后选择最后第二项Write xorg.conf and quit，然后出现一个对话框问你是否将配置文件copy到/etc/X11目录中，选择OK。

然后编辑/etc/X11/xorg.conf的Section”Input Device”，使支持鼠标的滚轮：

代码:
#cd /etc/X11
#ee xorg.conf

代码:
Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier  "Mouse0"
       Driver      "mouse"
       Option      "Protocol" "Auto"
       Option      "Emulate3Buttons"
       Option      "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
       Option      "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

我的xorg.conf:

代码:
Section "ServerLayout"
       Identifier     "Layout0"
       Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
       InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
       InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
EndSection

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "Module"
       Load "freetype"
       # Load "xtt"
       Load  "extmod"
       Load  "glx"
       Load  "dri"
       Load  "dbe"
       Load  "record"
       Load  "xtrap"
       Load  "type1"
       Load  "speedo"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier  "Mouse0"
       Driver      "mouse"
       Option      "Protocol" "Auto"
       Option      "Emulate3Buttons"
       Option      "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
       Option      "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier  "Keyboard0"
       Driver      "keyboard"
       Option      "XkbModel" "pc101"
       Option      "XkbLayout" "us"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
       Identifier   "Monitor0"
### Uncomment if you don't want to default to DDC:
#       HorizSync    30 - 107
#       VertRefresh  48 - 120
EndSection

Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Card0"
       Driver      "ati"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
       Identifier "Screen0"
       Device     "Card0"
       Monitor    "Monitor0"
       DefaultDepth     24
       SubSection "Display"
               Viewport   0 0
               Depth     24
               Modes    "1152x864"
       EndSubSection
EndSection

七、配置.xinitrc

使X Windows启动时默认的桌面系统为Gnome
代码:
#echo “/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session” > ~/.xinitrc

八、运行X Windows

#startx

进入Gnome桌面系统，下面开始中文化和美化桌面Gnome.

注：这里可能会有两个提示错误，一个是说系统的hostname找不到映射，编辑/etc/hosts中，将下面一行：
192.168.20.1       gjf gjf.jscpu.com
加入其中。另一个是系统未找到声卡的驱动，你需重新安装声卡驱卡，具体见这：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html

九、中文化及美化

1、中文化Gnome

编辑.cshrc文件：
代码:
#cd ~
#ee .cshrc

加入下面内容：
代码:
setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN
setenv LC_LANG zh_CN.eucCN

保存后退出。

2、美化Gnome字体

通过ftp将windows下的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/var/ftp/incoming中。然后做如下操作：

代码:
#mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/
#cd /var/ftp/incoming
#cp *  /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/

重启机器，登陆后运行startx，进入Gnome，没出错的话这时已经是中文版了，只是字体难看些，下面设置字体：点击[桌面]-->[首选项]-->[字体]，将字体全部换成SimSun，字体大小为10，然后点[细节]选项，[平滑]选无，[微调]选轻微，[次像素顺序]选RGB。保存后关闭对话框。

十、安装常用软件

1、输入法：小企鹅输入法

代码:
#cd  /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx
#make install clean

完成安装后进行配置：

配置.cshrc
代码:
#cd ~
#ee .cshrc

加入下面一行：
代码:
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx

保存后退出。

配置.xinitrc
代码:
# ee xinitrc

在/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session的上面一行加入（不能放在它下面一行，否则不能启动）：
代码:
exec fcitx &

保存后退出。

退出Gnome，然后再startx，这时就能看到企鹅输入法了。

2、网页浏览器：firefox
firefox-1.0.4-source.tar.bz2
代码:
#cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
#make install clean

3、即时通讯工具（包括OICQ）：gaim-openq
openq-0.3.2.tar.gz
代码:
#cd /usr/ports/net/gaim-openq
#make install clean

4、MP3播放器：Xmms
代码: xmms-1.2.10.tar.bz2
#cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms
#make install clean

1) xmms菜单栏乱码解决方法：

代码:
#ee .gtkrc.mine //没有这个文件也这样操作

加入如下内容：
代码:
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
fontset = "-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,\
-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"
}
class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"

代码:
#ee ~/.xmms/config

将playlist_font和mainwin_font换成如下内容：
代码:
playlist_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
use_fontsets=FALSE
mainwin_use_xfont=FALSE
mainwin_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"

2) xmms播放列表解决方法：

打开xmms，然后，[首选项]-->[字体]-->[播放清单“浏览”]-->[filter]-->charset中选择gb2312.1980-0，然后在播放清单选项中的"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"的未尾加上*-r-*，最后变成："-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
保存后退出。

5、播放器：realplay10.0

从http://www.real.com/linux/点击download realplay下载RealPlayer10GOLD.bin至桌面。进行如下操作：

代码:
#cd ~/Desktop
#chmod a+x RealPlay10GOLD.bin
#./RealPlay10GOLD.bin

然后根据提示完成安装。

6、文档处理：OpenOffice

代码:
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/openoffice-1.1-zh-CN
#make install clean

1) 安装期间需要三个包的支持：

(1) bsd-jdk14-patches-7.tar.gz

下载地址：http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk14.html
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。

(2) j2sdk-1_4_2-src.scsl.zip

下载地址：http://www.sun.com/software/communitysource/j2se/java2/download.xml
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。

(3) j2sdk-1_4_2_07-linux-i586.bin

下载地址：http://javashoplm.sun.com/ECom/docs/Welcome.jsp?StoreId=22&PartDetailId=j2sdk-1.4.2_07-oth-JPR&SiteId=JSC&TransactionId=noreg
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。

2) 中文化openoffice

将/var/ftp/incoming的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/usr/local/OpenOffice1.1.4/share/fonts/truetype/

3) 启动OpenOffice

代码:
#cd ~/OpenOffice.org1.1.4
#./soffice

原文转自：http://www.ltesting.net