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改进自动化测试套件的可维护性(二)
1.对从自动化中获益的时机重新设定管理期望值
We all agreed that when GUI-level regression automation is developed in Release N of the software, most of the benefits are realized during the testing and development of Release N+1. I think that we were surprised to realize that we all shared this conclusion, because we are so used to hearing about (if not experiencing) the oh-so-fast time to payback for an investment in test automation.
当GUI级回归自动化测试在软件的发行版N中被开发后，我们都认为在发行版N+1的测试和开发中会有很多收益。我想我们会惊奇地发现所有人都赞成该结论，因为我们总是听说(并没有实际经历)对自动化测试的投入会有快速的回报。
Some benefits are realized in release N. For example:
以下例子体现了发行版N中的一些收益：
o There’s a big payoff in automating a suite of aclearcase/" target="_blank" >cceptance-into-testing (also called "smoke") tests. You might run these 50 or 100 times during development of Release N. Even if it takes 10x as long to develop each test as to execute each test by hand, and another 10x cost for maintenance, this still creates a time saving equivalent to 30-80 manual executions of each test case.
对一套用于测试目的的测试(也叫“烟雾测试”)进行自动化可以获得很大的收益。在开发第N版时，你或许会运行它们50次或100次。即使开发每一个测试是手动执行测试时间的10倍，且在可维护性方面的成本也会是10倍，但仍然对每个测试用例节省了相当于30至80倍的手动执行时间。
o You can save time, reduce human error, and obtain good tracking of what was done by automating configuration and compatibility testing. In these cases, you are running the same tests against many devices or under many environments. If you test the program’s compatibility with 30 printers, you might recover the cost of automating this test in less than a week.
你能通过自动化配置和兼容性测试节省时间，减少人为错误，并获得对已完成工作的良好跟踪。在这样的情况下，你会对很多设备或在很多环境下运行相同的测试。如果你要测试兼容30个打印机的程序，那么你可以在不到一周的时间里收回自动化该测试的成本。
o Regression automation facilitates performance benchmarking across operating systems and across different development versions of the same program.
回归自动化有助于性能基准跨越不同的操作系统以及同一程序的不同开发版本。
Take advantage of opportunities for near-term payback from automation, but be cautious when automating with the goal of short-term gains. Cost-justify each additional test case, or group of test cases.
虽然可以利用自动化近期回报的优点，但是在进行目的是短期收效的自动化时，需要注意对每个额外测试用例或测试用例组进行成本验证。
If you are looking for longer term gains, across releases of the software, then you should seriously thinking about setting your goals for Version N as:
如果要寻找更长期的收效，跨越软件的不同发行版，那么你就应该为第N版认真地考虑设置如下目标：
o providing efficient regression testing for Version N in a few specific areas (such as smoke tests and compatibility tests);
