关于直接访问端口, 有很多网站很多文章都讨论过, 但总找不到非常理想的办法。
我这里用的是 Yariv Kaplan 的 WinIo 2.0。虽然 WinIO 也有缺陷, 但是是我用过的当中最好的了。
WinIO 是免费的, 并且是开放源代码的, 可以直接到他的主页下载, 也可以在这里下载。
Yariv Kaplan 的主页: http://www.internals.com/
WinIO 的使用非常简单, 在程序的开始调用 InitializeWinIo(); 初始化 WinIO, 在程序的结束使用 ShutdownWinIo();
这样就可以在程序里直接访问端口和物理内存了。
在这里仍然用的是读硬盘参数和主板BIOS信息。
本站在《硬盘参数读取程序》这篇文章里曾经介绍过利用 WinIO 读取硬盘参数, 很多人提出程序太复杂, 并且在程序启动时调用经常无效,在这里简化了程序, 并且改善了性能, 在程序启动时调用也可读出参数了。
按钮Button1: 硬盘参数:
型 号: MAXTOR 6L040J2
序 列 号: 662202841232
固件版本: AR1.0400
容 量: 38172 Mb
柱 面 数: 16383
磁 头 数: 16
扇 区 数: 63
缓存容量: 1818 kb
ECC 字节: 4 bytes
LBA 支持: 是
DMA 支持: 是
按钮Button2: BIOS信息:
Award Modular BIOS v6.00PG
Copyright (C) 1984-2001, Award Software, Inc.
05/14/02
05/14/2002-i815-ITE87X2-6A69RPQRS-00
有关读写端口函数 inportb 和 outportb 等函数: 在 Win2000 等 NT 内核的 OS 可直接用汇编访问端口, 但 Win9x 反而不可以 #include "WinIO.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char inportbNT(unsigned short p) { asm mov dx, p; asm in al, dx; return _AL; }
unsigned short inportwNT(unsigned short p) { asm mov dx, p; asm in ax, dx; return _AX; }
unsigned long inportdNT(unsigned short p) { asm mov dx, p; asm in eax,dx; return _EAX;}
void outportbNT(unsigned short p, unsigned char v) { asm mov dx, p; asm mov al, v; asm out dx,al; }
void outportwNT(unsigned short p, unsigned short v) { asm mov dx, p; asm mov ax, v; asm out dx,ax; }
void outportdNT(unsigned short p, unsigned long v) { asm mov dx, p; asm mov eax,v; asm out dx,eax;}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char inportb9x(unsigned short p) { unsigned long v = 0; GetPortVal(p, &v, 1); return v; }
unsigned short inportw9x(unsigned short p) { unsigned long v = 0; GetPortVal(p, &v, 2); return v; }
unsigned long inportd9x(unsigned short p) { unsigned long v = 0; GetPortVal(p, &v, 4); return v; }
void outportb9x(unsigned short p, unsigned char v) { SetPortVal(p,v,1); }
void outportw9x(unsigned short p, unsigned short v) { SetPortVal(p,v,2); }
void outportd9x(unsigned short p, unsigned long v) { SetPortVal(p,v,4); }
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char (*inportb)(unsigned short) = inportbNT;
unsigned short (*inportw)(unsigned short) = inportwNT;
unsigned long (*inportd)(unsigned short) = inportdNT;
void (*outportb)(unsigned short, unsigned char ) = outportbNT;
void (*outportw)(unsigned short, unsigned short) = outportwNT;
void (*outportd)(unsigned short, unsigned long ) = outportdNT;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitPortFuncs(void)
{
OSVERSIONINFO osVer = {sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO)};
GetVersionEx(&osVer);
if(osVer.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
{
inportb = inportbNT; outportb = outportbNT;
inportw = inportwNT; outportw = outportwNT;
inportd = inportdNT; outportd = outportdNT;
}
else
{
inportb = inportb9x; outportb = outportb9x;
inportw = inportw9x; outportw = outportw9x;
inportd = inportd9x; outportd = outportd9x;
}
}
上面的程序 InitPortFuncs 就是判断操作系统是否为 NT 内核, 并且选择合适的函数来访问端口。
经过这样处理, 在 Win2000 下访问端口的速度就要比 98 的快了, Win2000 的速度比较理想。
具体程序: Button1 是读硬盘参数, Button2 是读主板BIOS信息
#include "WinIO.h"
#pragma link "WinIo_bc.lib"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcall TForm1::TForm1(TComponent* Owner)
: TForm(Owner)
{
bWinIoInitOK = InitializeWinIo();
if(!bWinIoInitOK)
{
Application->MessageBox("不能装载 WinIO 程序!","错误信息",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP);
Application->Terminate();
}
InitPortFuncs();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcall TForm1::~TForm1()
{
if(bWinIoInitOK)
ShutdownWinIo();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool ReadHddParams(unsigned short *params, int pn, int dn)
{
int i,IdePort[2] = {0x1f0, 0x170}; //primary & secondary IDE Controller
unsigned char HD_Selection[2]={0xa0,0xb0}; // Master Disk: 1010 0000, Slave Disk: 1011 0000
unsigned short BasePort = IdePort[pn];
for(i=0;i< 500;i++) //Get HDC Status, wait until HDC not busy
{
if((inportb(BasePort+7)&0x80)==0)
break; //hdc is ready
Sleep(1);
}
if(i>=300)return false; //HDC no response
outportb(BasePort+6, HD_Selection[dn]); //master or slave hard disk
outportb(BasePort+7, 0x10); //HDD status
for(i=0;i< 300;i++) //Get HDD Status, wait until HDD not busy
{
if((inportb(BasePort+7)&0x80)==0)
break;
Sleep(1);
}
if(i>=300)return false; //HDC no response
if(inportb(BasePort+7)!=0x50)return false; //HDD ready: 0101 0000
outportb(BasePort+6, HD_Selection[dn]); //master or slave hard disk
outportb(BasePort+7, 0xec); //HDD parameters
for(i=0;i< 300;i++) //wait for parameters retrieved
{
if(inportb(BasePort+7)==0x58) //retrieved OK
break;
Sleep(1);
}
if(i>=300)return false; //parameters retrieved error
for(i=0;i< 256;i++)
params[i]=inportw(BasePort);
return true;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WordToStr(unsigned char *s, unsigned short *w, int n) //硬盘参数转成字符串
{
int i;
for(i=0; i< n; i++)
{
s[i*2] = w[i]>>8;
s[i*2+1] = w[i]&0x00ff;
}
s[i*2]=0;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender)
{
DWORD dwOldProcessP = GetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess());
DWORD dwOldThreadP = GetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread());
SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS);
SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL);
AnsiString idename[2] = {"IDE0","IDE1"}, diskname[2] = {"主盘","从盘"};
unsigned short params[256]; char Str[256];
for(int pn=0; pn< 2; pn++) //primary or secondary
for(int dn=0; dn< 2; dn++) //master or slave
{
Memo1->Lines->Add(idename[pn]+" "+diskname[dn]+":");
if(ReadHddParams(params,pn,dn))
{
WordToStr(Str,params+27,20); Memo1->Lines->Add("型 号: "+AnsiString(Str));
WordToStr(Str,params+10,10); Memo1->Lines->Add("序 列 号: "+AnsiString(Str));
WordToStr(Str,params+23, 4); Memo1->Lines->Add("固件版本: "+AnsiString(Str));
unsigned long LbaCap = *(unsigned long *)(¶ms[60])/2048;
unsigned long NomCap = ((unsigned long)(params[1])*(params[3])*(params[6]))/2048;
Memo1->Lines->Add("容 量: " + AnsiString().sprintf("%lu Mb",LbaCap>NomCap?LbaCap:NomCap));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("柱 面 数: %u", params[1]));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("磁 头 数: %u", params[3]));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("扇 区 数: %u", params[6]));
bool DMA = params[49]&0x0100; //D8:是否支持DMA
bool LBA = params[49]&0x0200; //D9:是否支持LBA
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("缓存容量: %u kb", params[21]>>1));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("ECC 字节: %u bytes", params[22]));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("LBA 支持: %s", LBA?"是":"否"));
Memo1->Lines->Add(AnsiString().sprintf("DMA 支持: %s", DMA?"是":"否"));
}
else
{
Memo1->Lines->Add("没找到硬盘");
}
Memo1->Lines->Add("");
}
SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), dwOldThreadP);
SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), dwOldProcessP);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcall TForm1::Button2Click(TObject *Sender)
{
HANDLE hPhyMem; //char *lpInfo = (char far *)0xf0000L;
//下面的语句让 0xf0000 地址的 65536 个字节可直接读写
char *lpInfo = MapPhysToLin((char*)0xf0000,65536,&hPhyMem);
Memo1->Lines->Add(lpInfo+0xe061); //主板BIOS名称 0xFE061
Memo1->Lines->Add(lpInfo+0xe091); //主板BIOS版权 0xFE091
Memo1->Lines->Add(lpInfo+0xfff5); //主板BIOS日期 0xFFFF5
Memo1->Lines->Add(lpInfo+0xec71); //主板BIOS序列号 0xFEC71
UnmapPhysicalMemory(hPhyMem, lpInfo);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------
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