Network Working Group W. Simpson, Editor
Request for Comments: 1570 Daydreamer
Updates: 1548 January 1994
Category: Standards Track
PPP LCP Extensions
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP
defines an extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing,
configuring, and testing the data-link connection. This document
defines several additional LCP features which have been suggested
over the past few years.
This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working
Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should
be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
Table of Contents
1. Additional LCP Packets ................................ 1
1.1 Identification .................................. 1
1.2 Time-Remaining .................................. 3
2. Additional LCP Configuration Options .................. 6
2.1 FCS-Alternatives ................................ 6
2.1.1 LCP considerations .............................. 7
2.1.2 Null FCS ........................................ 8
2.2 Self-Describing-Padding ......................... 9
2.3 Callback ........................................ 11
2.4 Compound-Frames ................................. 12
2.4.1 LCP considerations .............................. 14
APPENDICES ................................................... 15
A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation ........ 15
A.1 32-bit FCS Computation Method ................... 15
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 17
REFERENCES ................................................... 17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 18
CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 18
EDITOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 18
1. Additional LCP Packets
The Packet format and basic facilities are already defined for LCP
[1].
Up-to-date values of the LCP Code field are specified in the most
recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC[2]. This specification concerns the
following values:
12 Identification
13 Time-Remaining
1.1. Identification
Description
This Code provides a method for an implementation to identify
itself to its peer. This Code might be used for many diverse
purposes, such as link troubleshooting, license enforcement, etc.
Identification is a Link Maintenance packet. Identification
packets MAY be sent at any time, including before LCP has reached
the Opened state.
The sender transmits a LCP packet with the Code field set to 12
(Identification), the Identifier field set, the local Magic-Number
(if any) inserted, and the Message field filled with any desired
data, but not exceeding the default MRU minus eight.
Receipt of an Identification packet causes the RXR or RUC event.
There is no response to the Identification packet.
Receipt of a Code-Reject for the Identification packet SHOULD
generate the RXJ+ (permitted) event.
Rationale:
This feature is defined as part of LCP, rather than as a
separate PPP Protocol, in order that its benefits may be
available during the earliest possible stage of the Link
Establishment phase. It allows an operator to learn the
identification of the peer even when negotiation is not
converging. Non-LCP packets cannot be sent during the Link
Establishment phase.
This feature is defined as a separate LCP Code, rather than a
Configuration-Option, so that the peer need not include it with
other items in configuration packet exchanges, and handle
"corrected" values or "rejection", since its generation is both
rare and in one direction. It is recommended that
Identification packets be sent whenever a Configure-Reject is
sent or received, as a final message when negotiation fails to
converge, and when LCP reaches the Opened state.
A summary of the Identification packet format is shown below. The
fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Code | Identifier | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Magic-Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
12 for Identification
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changed for each Identification sent.
Length
>= 8
Magic-Number
The Magic-Number field is four octets and aids in detecting links
which are in the looped-back condition. Until the Magic-Number
Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-
Number MUST be transmitted as zero. See the Magic-Number
Configuration Option for further explanation.
Message
The Message field is zero or more octets, and its contents are
implementation dependent. It is intended to be human readable,
and MUST NOT affect operation of the protocol. It is recommended
that the message contain displayable ASCII characters 32 through
126 decimal. Mechanisms for extension to other character sets are
the topic of future research. The size is determined from the
Length field.
Implementation Note:
The Message will usually contain such things as the sender's
hardware type, PPP software revision level, and PPP product
serial number, MIB information such as link speed and interface
name, and any other information that the sender thinks might be
useful in debugging connections. The format is likely to be
different for each implementor, so that those doing serial
number tracking can validate their numbers. A robust
implementation SHOULD treat the Message as displayable text,
and SHOULD be able to receive and display a very long Message.
1.2. Time-Remaining
Description
This Code provides a mechanism for notifying the peer of the time
remaining in this session.
The nature of this information is advisory only. It is intended
that only one side of the connection will send this packet
(generally a "network access server"). The session is actually
concluded by the Terminate-Request packet.
Time-Remaining is a Link Maintenance packet. Time-Remaining
packets may only be sent in the LCP Opened state.
The sender transmits a LCP packet with the Code field set to 13
(Time-Remaining), the Identifier field set, the local Magic-Number
(if any) inserted, and the Message field filled with any desired
data, but not exceeding the peer's established MRU minus twelve.
Receipt of an Time-Remaining packet causes the RXR or RUC event.
There is no response to the Time-Remaining packet.
Receipt of a Code-Reject for the Time-Remaining packet SHOULD
generate the RXJ+ (permitted) event.
Rationale:
This notification is defined as a separate LCP Code, rather
than a Configuration-Option, in order that changes and warning
messages may occur dynamically during the session, and that the
information might be determined after Authentication has
occurred. Typically, this packet is sent when the link enters
Network-Layer Protocol phase, and at regular intervals
throughout the session, particularly near the end of the
session.
A summary of the Time-Remaining packet format is shown below. The
fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Code | Identifier | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Magic-Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Seconds-Remaining |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
13 for Time-Remaining
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changed for each Time-Remaining sent.
Length
>= 12
Magic-Number
The Magic-Number field is four octets and aids in detecting links
which are in the looped-back condition. Until the Magic-Number
Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-
Number MUST be transmitted as zero. See the Magic-Number
Configuration Option for further explanation.
Seconds-Remaining
The Seconds-Remaining field is four octets and indicates the
number of integral seconds remaining in this session. This 32 bit
unsigned value is sent most significant octet first. A value of
0xffffffff (all ones) represents no timeout, or "forever".
Message
The Message field is zero or more octets, and its contents are
implementation dependent. It is intended to be human readable,
and MUST NOT affect operation of the protocol. It is recommended
that the message contain displayable ASCII characters 32 through
126 decimal. Mechanisms for extension to other character sets are
the topic of future research. The size is determined from the
Length field.
2. Additional LCP Configuration Options
The Configuration Option format and basic options are already defined
for LCP [1].
Up-to-date values of the LCP Option Type field are specified in the
most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC[2]. This document concerns the
following values:
9 FCS-Alternatives
10 Self-Describing-Padding
13 Callback
15 Compound-Frames
2.1. FCS-Alternatives
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation
to specify another FCS format to be sent by the peer, or to
negotiate away the FCS altogether.
This option is negotiated separately in each direction. However,
it is not required that an implementation be capable of
concurrently generating a different FCS on each side of the link.
The negotiated FCS values take effect only during Authentication
and Network-Layer Protocol phases. Frames sent during any other
phase MUST contain the default FCS.
A summary of the FCS-Alternatives Configuration Option format is
shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Options |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
9
Length
3
Options
This field is one octet, and is comprised of the "logical or" of
the following values:
1 Null FCS
2 CCITT 16-bit FCS
4 CCITT 32-bit FCS
Implementation Note:
For most PPP HDLC framed links, the default FCS is the CCITT 16-
bit FCS. Some framing techniques and high speed links may use
another format as the default FCS.
2.1.1. LCP considerations
The link can be subject to loss of state, and the LCP can re-
negotiate at any time. When the LCP begins renegotiation or
termination, it is recommended that the LCP Configure-Request or
Terminate-Request packet be sent with the last negotiated FCS, then
change to the default FCS, and a duplicate LCP packet is sent with
the default FCS. The Identifier field SHOULD NOT be incremented for
each such duplicate packet.
On receipt of a LCP Configure-Request or Terminate-Request packet,
the implementation MUST change to the default FCS for both
transmission and reception. If a Request packet is received which
contains a duplicate Identifier field, a new reply MUST be generated.
Implementation Notes:
The need to send two packets is only necessary after the
Alternative-FCS has already been negotiated. It need not occur
during state transitions when there is a natural indication that
the default FCS is in effect, such as the Down and Up events. It
is necessary to send two packets in the Ack-Sent and Opened
states, since the peer could mistakenly believe that the link has
Opened.
It is possible to send a single 48-bit FCS which is a combination
of the 16-bit and 32-bit FCS. This may be sent instead of sending
the two packets described above. We have not standardized this
procedure because of intellectual property concerns. If such a
48-bit FCS is used, it MUST only be used for LCP packets.
2.1.2. Null FCS
The Null FCS SHOULD only be used for those network-layer and
transport protocols which have an end-to-end checksum available, such
as TCP/IP, or UDP/IP with the checksum enabled. That is, the Null
FCS option SHOULD be negotiated together with another non-null FCS
option in a heterogeneous environment.
When a configuration (LCP or NCP) or authentication packet is sent,
the FCS MUST be included. When a configuration (LCP or NCP) or
authentication packet is received, the FCS MUST be verified.
There are several cases to be considered:
Null FCS alone
The sender generates the FCS for those frames which require the
FCS before sending the frame.
When a frame is received, it is not necessary to check the FCS
before demultiplexing. Any FCS is treated as padding.
Receipt of an Authentication or Control packet would be discovered
after passing the frame to the demultiplexer. Verification of the
FCS can easily be accomplished using one of the software
algorithms defined in "PPP in HDLC Framing" [3] (16-bit FCS) and
Appendix A (32-bit FCS).
Null FCS with another FCS, using software
This is similar to the above case.
Those packets which are required to have the FCS (Authentication,
Control, or Network-Protocols lacking a checksum) are checked
using software after demultiplexing. Packets which fail the FCS
test are discarded as usual.
Null FCS with another FCS, using hardware
A flag is passed with the frame, indicating whether or not it has
passed the hardware FCS check. The incorrect FCS MUST be passed
with the rest of the data. The frame MUST NOT be discarded until
after demultiplexing, and only those frames that require the FCS
are discarded.
All three FCS forms (Null, 16 and 32) may be used concurrently on
different frames when using software. That is probably not possible
with most current hardware.
2.2. Self-Describing-Padding
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation
to indicate to the peer that it understands self-describing pads
when padding is added at the end of the PPP Information field.
This option is most likely to be used when some protocols, such as
network-layer or compression protocols, are configured which
require detection and removal of any trailing padding. Such
special protocols are identified in their respective documents.
If the option is Rejected, the peer MUST NOT add any padding to
the identified special protocols, but MAY add padding to other
protocols.
If the option is Ack'd, the peer MUST follow the procedures for
adding self-describing pads, but only to the specifically
identified protocols. The peer is not required to add any padding
to other protocols.
Implementation Notes:
This is defined so that the Reject handles either case where
the peer does not generate self-describing pads. When the peer
never generates padding, it may safely Reject the option. When
the peer does not understand the option, it also will not
successfully configure a special protocol which requires
elimination of pads.
While some senders might only be capable of adding padding to
every protocol or not adding padding to any protocol, by design
the receiver need not examine those protocols which do not need
the padding stripped.
To avoid unnecessary configuration handshakes, an
implementation which generates padding, and has a protocol
configured which requires the padding to be known, SHOULD
include this Option in its Configure-Request, and SHOULD
Configure-Nak with this Option when it is not present in the
peer's Request.
Each octet of self-describing pad contains the index of that
octet. The first pad octet MUST contain the value one (1), which
indicates the Padding Protocol to the Compound-Frames option.
After removing the FCS, the final pad octet indicates the number
of pad octets to remove. For example, three pad octets would
contain the values 1, 2, 3.
The Maximum-Pad-Value (MPV) is also negotiated. Only the values 1
through MPV are used. When no padding would otherwise be
required, but the final octet of the PPP Information field
contains the value 1 through MPV, at least one self-describing pad
octet MUST be added to the frame. If the final octet is greater
than MPV, no additional padding is required.
Implementation Notes:
If any of the pad octets contain an incorrect index value, the
entire frame SHOULD be silently discarded. This is intended to
prevent confusion with the FCS-Alternatives option, but might
not be necessary in robust implementations.
Since this option is intended to support compression protocols,
the Maximum-Pad-Value is specified to limit the likelihood that
a frame may actually become longer.
A summary of the Self-Describing-Padding Configuration Option format
is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Maximum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
10
Length
3
Maximum
This field specifies the largest number of padding octets which
may be added to the frame. The value may range from 1 to 255, but
values of 2, 4, or 8 are most likely.
2.3. Callback
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation
to request a dial-up peer to call back. This option might be used
for many diverse purposes, such as savings on toll charges.
When Callback is successfully negotiated, and authentication is
complete, the Authentication phase proceeds directly to the
Termination phase, and the link is disconnected.
Then, the peer re-establishes the link, without negotiating
Callback.
Implementation Notes:
A peer which agrees to this option SHOULD request the
Authentication-Protocol Configuration Option. The user
information learned during authentication can be used to
determine the user location, or to limit a user to certain
locations, or merely to determine whom to bill for the service.
Authentication SHOULD be requested in turn by the
implementation when it is called back, if mutual authentication
is desired.
A summary of the Callback Option format is shown below. The fields
are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Operation | Message ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
13
Length
>= 3
Operation
The Operation field is one octet and indicates the contents of the
Message field.
0 location is determined by user authentication
1 Dialing string, the format and contents of which assumes
configuration knowledge of the specific device which is
making the callback.
2 Location identifier, which may or may not be human
readable, to be used together with the authentication
information for a database lookup to determine the
callback location.
3 E.164 number.
4 Distinguished name.
Message
The Message field is zero or more octets, and its general contents
are determined by the Operation field. The actual format of the
information is site or application specific, and a robust
implementation SHOULD support the field as undistinguished octets.
The size is determined from the Length field.
It is intended that only an authorized user will have correct site
specific information to make use of the Callback. The
codification of the range of allowed usage of this field is
outside the scope of this specification.
2.4. Compound-Frames
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation
to send multiple PPP encapsulated packets within the same frame.
This option might be used for many diverse purposes, such as
savings on toll charges.
Only those PPP Protocols which have determinate lengths or
integral length fields may be aggregated into a compound frame.
When Compound-Frames is successfully negotiated, the sender MAY
add additional packets to the same frame. Each packet is
immediately followed by another Protocol field, with its attendant
datagram.
When padding is added to the end of the Information field, the
procedure described in Self-Describing-Padding is used.
Therefore, this option MUST be negotiated together with the Self-
Describing-Padding option.
If the FCS-Alternatives option has been negotiated, self
describing padding MUST always be added. That is, the final
packet MUST be followed by a series of octets, the first of which
contains the value one (1).
On receipt, the first Protocol field is examined, and the packet
is processed as usual. For those datagrams which have a
determinate length, the remainder of the frame is returned to the
demultiplexor. Each succeeding Protocol field is processed as a
separate packet. This processing is complete when a packet is
processed which does not have a determinate length, when the
remainder of the frame is empty, or when the Protocol field is
determined to have a value of one (1).
The PPP Protocol value of one (1) is reserved as the Padding
Protocol. Any following octets are removed as padding.
A summary of the Compound-Frames Option format is shown below. The
fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
15
Length
2
2.4.1. LCP considerations
During initial negotiation, the Compound-Frames option can be used to
minimize the negotiation latency, by reducing the number of frames
exchanged.
The first LCP Configure-Request packet is sent as usual in a single
frame, including the Self-Describing-Padding and Compound-Frames
options.
The peer SHOULD respond with a Configure-Ack, followed in a compound
frame by its LCP Configure-Request, and any NCP Configure-Requests
desired.
Upon receipt, the local implementation SHOULD process the Configure-
Ack as usual. Since the peer has agreed to send compound frames, the
implementation MUST examine the remainder of the frame for additional
packets. If the peer also specified the Self-Describing-Padding and
Compound-Frames options in its Configure-Request, the local
implementation SHOULD retain its Configure-Ack, and further NCP
configuration packets SHOULD be added to the return frame.
Together with the peer's final return frame, the minimum number of
frames to complete configuration is 4.
A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation
A.1. 32-bit FCS Computation Method
The following code provides a table lookup computation for
calculating the 32-bit Frame Check Sequence as data arrives at the
interface.
/*
* u32 represents an unsigned 32-bit number. Adjust the typedef for
* your hardware.
*/
typedef unsigned long u32;
static u32 fcstab_32[256] =
{
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba,
0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3,
0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91,
0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de,
0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec,
0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9, 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5,
0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b,
0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940,
0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116,
0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f,
0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d,
0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a,
0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818,
0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01,
0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457,
0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950, 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c,
0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2,
0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb,
0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9,
0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086,
0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4,
0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad,
0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683,
0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8,
0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe,
0xf762575d, 0x806567cb, 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7,
0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5,
0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252,
0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60,
0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79,
0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f,
0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04,
0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a,
0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21,
0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242, 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e,
0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c,
0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45,
0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db,
0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0,
0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6,
0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf,
0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};
#define PPPINITFCS32 0xffffffff /* Initial FCS value */
#define PPPGOODFCS32 0xdebb20e3 /* Good final FCS value */
/*
* Calculate a new FCS given the current FCS and the new data.
*/
u32 pppfcs32(fcs, cp, len)
register u32 fcs;
register unsigned char *cp;
register int len;
{
ASSERT(sizeof (u32) == 4);
ASSERT(((u32) -1) > 0);
while (len--)
fcs = (((fcs) >> 8) ^ fcstab_32[((fcs) ^ (*cp++)) & 0xff]);
return (fcs);
}
/*
* How to use the fcs
*/
tryfcs32(cp, len)
register unsigned char *cp;
register int len;
{
u32 trialfcs;
/* add on output */
trialfcs = pppfcs32( PPPINITFCS32, cp, len );
trialfcs ^= 0xffffffff; /* complement */
cp[len] = (trialfcs & 0x00ff); /* Least significant byte first */
cp[len+1] = ((trialfcs >>= 8) & 0x00ff);
cp[len+2] = ((trialfcs >>= 8) & 0x00ff);
cp[len+3] = ((trialfcs >> 8) & 0x00ff);
/* check on input */
trialfcs = pppfcs32( PPPINITFCS32, cp, len + 4 );
if ( trialfcs == PPPGOODFCS32 )
printf("Good FCS\n");
}
Security Considerations
Security issues are briefly discussed in sections concerning the
Callback Configuration Option.
References
[1] Simpson, W., Editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", RFC
1548, Daydreamer, December 1993.
[2] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
RFC1340, USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.
[3] Simpson, W., Editor, "PPP in HDLC Framing", RFC1549,
Daydreamer, December 1993.
Acknowledgments
The Identification feature was suggested by Bob Sutterfield (Morning
Star Technologies).
The Time-Remaining feature was suggested by Brad Parker (FCR).
Some of the original text for FCS-Alternatives was provided by Arthur
Harvey (then of DEC). The Null FCS was requested by Peter Honeyman
(UMich). The 32-bit FCS example code was provided by Karl Fox
(Morning Star Technologies).
Self-Describing-Padding was suggested and named by Fred Baker (ACC).
Compound-Frames was suggested by Keith Sklower (Berkeley).
Special thanks to Morning Star Technologies for providing computing
resources and network access support for writing this specification.
Chair's Address
The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
Fred Baker
Advanced Computer Communications
315 Bollay Drive
Santa Barbara, California 93117
EMail: fbaker@acc.com
Editor's Address
Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
William Allen Simpson
Daydreamer
Computer Systems Consulting Services
1384 Fontaine
Madison Heights, Michigan 48071
EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
bsimpson@MorningStar.com
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