Tru64-FAQ-Misc
Misc 1 -- Where else is Digital UNIX discussed?
You can join the tru64-unix-manager mailing lists. Send with:
subscribe tru64-unix-managers
in the body to Majordomo@ornl.gov
Archives of tru64-unix-managers mailings are kept at:
www.ornl.gov/cts/archives/mailing-lists/
Check out the news group comp.unix.tru64
Misc 2 -- How do I add a new terminal definition?
Some applications on Digital UNIX use termcap; others use terminfo. tic(1) compiles a termcap definition for terminfo. It is best to add a new terminal definition both ways.
Misc 3 -- How do I boot to single-user mode?
>>> boot -fl s
-fl specifies the flags to the booted image.
Misc 4 -- I heard that OSF is dropping OSF/1. What does that mean for Digital UNIX?
[The following is a "position statement" on this subject from Digital]
As part of its reorganization in March of 1994, the Open Software Foundation announced transition plans for its existing technologies. It has been well understood since then that the June 1994 release of OSF/1, the OSF's operating system source code, would be the last. The possibility remains open that OSF sponsors may choose to fund additional work in the operating system area, but no projects are underway.
It is important to understand what OSF/1 is and has always been. It is not a finished operating system but a set of operating system technology components, from which vendors can pick and choose pieces of technology that complement their product development strategies. Many UNIX system vendors use elements of OSF/1 code -- Hewlett-Packard in HP-UX, IBM in AIX, and many others, including Digital in Digital UNIX.
Digital uses components of OSF/1 technology, just as it integrates technology from other suppliers with its own internal development. By following this strategy of integrating needed components, Digital has been able to produce the best implementation of the UNIX operating system in the industry and to bring it to market quickly.
Since the initial releases, development of Digital's product has not been dependent on OSF code. Digital's plans for the future development of Digital UNIX are fully under Digital's control, and our plans for a fully SPEC 1170 compliant version, UNIX clusters, and other leading commercial enhancements are on course.
Misc 5 -- How can I read VMS BACKUP tapes on a UNIX machine?
There is a utility called vmsbackup to do this. Earlier URLs for this software are now invalid - the following is part of a set of FreeBSD ports - it may or may not work on other UNIX systems.
http://www.ee.freebsd.org/ports/emulators.html#vmsbackup-3.0
Vbackup is a commercial product which can read and write VMS-compatible BACKUP savesets.
http://www.bbc.com/vbackup.htm
Misc 6 -- How do I contact Digital Customer Relations?
If you are having a problem dealing with Digital that you cannot satisfactorily resolve through your local Digital office, please contact US Customer Relations at:
Internet:
response@mkots3.enet.dec.com
Phone: 800-DEC-INFO or 603-884-0915
FAX: 603-884-4692
Mail: US Customer Relations
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Drive, MKO2-2/D15
P.O. Box 9501
Merrimack, NH 03054-9501
Non-US customers may also use these contacts; information will be directed to the appropriate corporate office.
Please include your name, organization, address, phone number and Internet address in all correspondence.
Misc 7 -- How do I get an ESC (escape) character on a DEC keyboard?
1. Use F11 on the LK201 or LK401 (in most keyboard modes).
2. Use Ctrl-[ (left bracket)
3. Adjust the keyboard mapping in DECterm, if that's what you're using.
4. Use dxkeycaps to produce commands for xmodmap. See the manual pages for details.
5. Get an LK421-AA keyboard, a North American keyboard designed for UNIX systems. It has an ESC key, no caps lock, and the keypad has been removed so the keyboard is smaller.
Misc 8 -- Where can I read announcements from Digital?
biz.digital.announce is Digital Equipment Corporation's newsgroup for posting business information on products, services, significant contracts, organizational announcements, cooperative marketing agreements, alliances, seminars, promotions, etc.
The newsgroup will be organized so that you can use a "kill" file with your newsreader to skip over (or ignore) classes of announcements that are not of interest. All postings will be organized along the following lines:
Subject: Press/... Digital Press Releases
Subject: Fact Sheet/... - Supporting Fact Sheets
Subject: Backgrounder/... - Supporting Editorial Backgrounders
Subject: Partner/... Press Releases from Digital's Partners
Subject: Seminar/... Seminars offered by Digital
Subject: Promotion/... Sales Promotions offered by Digital
Subject: Show/... Digital Tradeshow Activities
Subject: Training/... Digital Education & Training
The new biz.digital hierarchy is:
biz.digital.announce News and Announcements
biz.digital.articles Newsletters, Catalog, and Journal Articles
Misc 9 -- Where can I get performance information about Tru64/Alpha products?
http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/alphaserver
http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver
Misc 10 -- How do I report security problems to Compaq?
Security problems or questions should go to your normal Customer Support Center.
Misc 11 -- How do I deal with the swap file filling up?
Remove the file /sbin/swapdefaults and reboot.
Digital UNIX has two paging modes, lazy and conservative. Conservative means that paging space is allocated as memory is allocated, guaranteeing that there is always somewhere to page to. This limits VM to the size of the paging partitions, but makes for a very robust system. Lazy is more like what people are used to with Unix - paging space is allocated when needed for paging out, you can run more jobs, but you're in big trouble when everything fills up. By default, Digital UNIX comes up in the conservative mode. Removing the swapdefaults file changes the system to lazy mode.
Misc 12 -- How do I deal with login problems?
Versions of Digital UNIX earlier than V3.0 use the /upgrade file to allow access to non-root users. Generally, on these versions, the inability of non-root users to log in is due to a problem with this file. Typically, this file gets deleted by somebody who doesn't understand its purpose. To recover from this problem, do one of the following:
1. cp -p /upgrade0 /upgrade
2. copy /upgrade from another pre-V3.0 Digitial UNIX system.
3. Obtain the O/S distribution media and extract the /upgrade0 file.
a. mount -r /dev/rzc /mnt
b. cat /mnt/ALPHA/BASE/OSFBASE200 | uncompress | tar xvf - ./upgrade0
c. cp upgrade0 /upgrade
NOTE: the 200 in OSFBASE200 varies based on the O/S version.
Digital UNIX V3.0 uses the OSF-BASE and OSF-USR PAKs to determine the amount of users allowed. A valid OSF-BASE PAK is required to activate the OSF-USR PAKs. By default, the OSF-BASE PAK alone provides 2 concurrent user support by activating an OSF-USR PAK which is automatically installed. If zero non-root users can login, then you probably have not installed your OSF-BASE PAK properly or it has expired. (Use the "lmf list" command to see the list of installed PAKs. A PAK is good if its status is "active".) Install a valid OSF-BASE PAK. If the problem still persists, then you likely do not have any OSF-USR PAK. Since one is automatically installed for you, this means that somebody inadvertantly deleted the PAK. You can recover this PAK by entering the following:
/sbin/it.d/bin/twouser
Two concurrent users should be allowed to login at at this time.
If your problem is that only two users are allowed to login at the same time, then you probably need a larger or additional OSF-USR PAKs. If you have installed an "unlimited user" OSF-USR PAK but are seeing a restriction on the number of users allowed to login, delete all OSF-USR PAKs other than the PAK which provides for unlimited users.
Misc 13 -- How do I figure out what version of Digital UNIX I have?
The following table correlates the output of the "uname -a" command to the "marketing name" for various Digital UNIX (DEC OSF/1) versions:
V2.0 240 V3.0 347
V3.0B 358.78 V3.2 214
V3.2A 17 V3.2B 214.61
V3.2C 148 V3.2D-1 41
V3.2D-2 41.64 V3.2F 69.73
V3.2G 62 V4.0 386
V4.0A 464 V4.0B 564
V4.0C 564.32 V4.0D 878
V4.0E 1091 V4.0F 1229
To determine the correct information for any version of Digital UNIX:
# strings /vmunix | grep '(Rev.' | cut -f1 -d';'
Or use (For DU v4.0 or higher):
# sizer -v | cut -f1 -d';'
Misc 14 -- Are there any Tru64 web sites?
http://www.unix.digital.com
http://www.tru64.org
Please let us know of other good sites. Send additions to admin@tru64.org
Misc 15 -- How do I free disk space for an update installation?
Some users have experienced problems recovering ample disk space after an update installation has aborted due to insufficient space. The following is an example of a typical problem encountered during an update:
1) The update installation exits and indicates that additional space is needed in a particular file system (root, /usr, and/or /var) to perform the update.
3) The user initiates another update attempt.
4) The update installation aborts again because of lack of space, even though the user believes that the space requested during the first attempt has been recovered.
There may be several reasons for this problem:
Some users are not following the proper method for removing system files to recover disk space, as described below.
A bug has been identified in the update installation disk space calculation for AdvFS file systems. See "AdvFS Disk Space Calculation Bug" below.
Deletion of small files from an AdvFS file system may not immediately free additional space. See "Additional AdvFS Considerations" below.
The proper methods for freeing disk space are as follows:
1) Remove any non-critical optional subsets using 'setld -d'. Deleting or moving individual system files without using the 'setld' command will not yield the additional space needed to continue.
Refer to the appropriate appendix of the Installation Guide containing the subset size information that corresponds to the version of Digital UNIX that you have currently installed to help you decide which subsets to remove.
2) Remove any non-critical user-added files which are not part of the base or layered product inventory. Typical large space consumers are left over core files and kernels that are no longer required.
3) For those who have previously performed Digital UNIX update installations, left over obsolete system files, .PreUPD files, and .PreMRG files can use significant amounts of file system space. Use the 'updadmin' utility to first back-up then delete these files. Refer to the installation guide for more information on using updadmin.
4) For AdvFS filesystems, it is possible to save approximately 3MB in root by building a mandatory only kernel (the default) rather than an interactive kernel (i.e. do not specify the "-i" flag to installupdate). Note that you must specify the "-i" flag if there are optional kernel selections that your system depends upon that cannot be satisfied by a mandatory kernel. Section 5.20 of the Digital UNIX 4.0 installation guide gives descriptions of each kernel option.
AdvFS Disk Space Calculation Bug
--------------------------------
There is currently a known problem with the update spacecalculation procedure for AdvFS file systems. The bug may cause the update installation to report an amount of 'additional space needed' that is smaller than what is actually necessary. Therefore subsequent update attempts may still request additional space even after the amount originally requested has been freed. This bug will not corrupt your existing system or prevent you from performing an update, but it may cause you to have to free space and restart the update more than once.
This bug has been fixed for Digital UNIX 4.0B.
Additional AdvFS File System Considerations
-------------------------------------------
When removing small files (less than 8K) from an AdvFS file system, additional free space may not be made available to the file system immediately. After the total amount of space consumed by these deleted files reaches a threshold value, all of the space is made available in one large block. This explains why deletion of several small files may not increase the available block count (as shown by "df", for example). In this case the user must continue to delete non-system user-added files until there is an adequate increase in the available block count to allow the update installation to continue.
Misc 16 -- Why doesn't deleting individual system files free space for an update installation?
Deleting files which are part of installed base or layered product subsets will not produce additional free space because the update installation takes into account that these old files will be replaced by new versions. The disk space calculation determines how much additional space is needed to replace an old version of a file with its new version.
If the old version of a file is removed without removing the entire subset in which it resides, the update installation will still put the new version on the system. In this situation the full size of the new file will be allocated instead of the difference between the size of the original and new versions.
For example, if /genvmunix was 7MB and a new version of /genvmunix was 8MB, update would need to reserve 1MB of free space for the new version. If /genvmunix was deleted before the update, the disk space calculation would then reserve the full 8MB for the new file. So although 7MB was freed before the update, 7MB more would be reserved during the update, which would result in no difference in the amount of additional space needed to continue the update.
Misc 17 -- How do I tune my system for use as a web server?
Elaborate instructions are given on a Web page titled "Digital UNIX Tuning Parameters for Web Servers", available at:
http://www.digital.com/info/internet/document/ias/tuning.html
This page is updated from time to time, as new information becomes available.
Misc 18 -- Why does dxaccounts tells me that the password and group files are locked?
If a dxaccounts process exits ungracefully (e.g. if a kill -9 is used) then it sometimes leaves a file in /etc called .AM_is_running. Deleting this file will solve the problem.
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