RFC2467 - Transmission of IPv6 Packets over FDDI Networks

领测软件测试网

　　 
　　Network Working Group M. Crawford
Request for Comments: 2467 Fermilab
Obsoletes: 2019 December 1998
Category: Standards Track

Transmission of IPv6 Packets over FDDI Networks

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.

1. Introduction

This document specifies the frame format for transmission of IPv6
packets and the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses and
statelessly autoconfigured addresses on FDDI networks. It also
specifies the content of the Source/Target Link-layer Address option
used in Router Solicitation, Router Advertisement, Neighbor
Solicitation, Neighbor Advertisement and Redirect messages when those
messages are transmitted on an FDDI network.

This document replaces RFC2019, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets Over
FDDI", which will become historic.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2. Maximum Transmission Unit

FDDI permits a frame length of 4500 octets (9000 symbols), including
at least 22 octets (44 symbols) of Data Link encapsulation when
long-format addresses are used. Subtracting 8 octets of LLC/SNAP
header, this would, in principle, allow the IPv6 [IPV6] packet in the
Information field to be up to 4470 octets. However, it is desirable
to allow for the variable sizes and possible future extensions of the
MAC header and frame status fields. The default MTU size for IPv6
packets on an FDDI network is therefore 4352 octets. This size may
be reduced by a Router Advertisement [DISC] containing an MTU option

which specifies a smaller MTU, or by manual configuration of each
node. If a Router Advertisement received on an FDDI interface has an
MTU option specifying an MTU larger than 4352, or larger than a
manually configured value, that MTU option may be logged to system
management but must be otherwise ignored.

For purposes of this document, information received from DHCP is
considered "manually configured" and the term FDDI includes CDDI.

3. Frame Format

FDDI provides both synchronous and asynchronous transmission, with
the latter class further subdivided by the use of restricted and
unrestricted tokens. Only asynchronous transmission with
unrestricted tokens is required for FDDI interoperability.
Accordingly, IPv6 packets shall be sent in asynchronous frames using
unrestricted tokens. The robustness principle dictates that nodes
should be able to receive synchronous frames and asynchronous frames
sent using restricted tokens.

IPv6 packets are transmitted in LLC/SNAP frames, using long-format
(48 bit) addresses. The data field contains the IPv6 header and
payload and is followed by the FDDI Frame Check Sequence, Ending
Delimiter, and Frame Status symbols.

0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| FC |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination |
+- -+
| FDDI |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source |
+- -+
| FDDI |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DSAP | SSAP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| CTL | OUI ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| ... OUI |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Ethertype |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 |
+- -+
| header |
+- -+
| and |
+- -+
/ payload ... /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

(Each tic mark represents one bit.)

FDDI Header Fields:

FC The Frame Code must be in the range 50 to 57
hexadecimal, inclusive, with the three low order bits
indicating the frame priority.

DSAP, SSAP Both the DSAP and SSAP fields shall contain the value AA
hexadecimal, indicating SNAP encapsulation.

CTL The Control field shall be set to 03 hexadecimal,
indicating Unnumbered Information.

OUI The Organizationally Unique Identifier shall be set to
000000 hexadecimal.

Ethertype The Ethernet protocol type ("ethertype") shall be set to
the value 86DD hexadecimal.

4. Interaction with Bridges

802.1d MAC bridges which connect different media, for example
Ethernet and FDDI, have become very widespread. Some of them do IPv4
packet fragmentation and/or support IPv4 Path MTU discovery [RFC
1981], many others do not, or do so incorrectly. Use of IPv6 in a
bridged mixed-media environment must not depend on support from MAC
bridges, unless those bridges are known to correctly implement IPv6
Path MTU Discovery [RFC1981, ICMPV6].

For correct operation when mixed media are bridged together by
bridges which do not support IPv6 Path MTU Discovery, the smallest
MTU of all the media must be advertised by routers in an MTU option.
If there are no routers present, this MTU must be manually configured
in each node which is connected to a medium with a default MTU larger
than the smallest MTU.

5. Stateless Autoconfiguration

The Interface Identifier [AARCH] for an FDDI interface is based on
the EUI-64 identifier [EUI64] derived from the interface's built-in
48-bit IEEE 802 address. The EUI-64 is formed as follows.
(Canonical bit order is assumed throughout. See [CANON] for a
caution on bit-order effects in LAN interfaces.)

The OUI of the FDDI MAC address (the first three octets) becomes the
company_id of the EUI-64 (the first three octets). The fourth and
fifth octets of the EUI are set to the fixed value FFFE hexadecimal.
The last three octets of the FDDI MAC address become the last three
octets of the EUI-64.

The Interface Identifier is then formed from the EUI-64 by
complementing the "Universal/Local" (U/L) bit, which is the next-to-
lowest order bit of the first octet of the EUI-64. For further
discussion on this point, see [ETHER] and [AARCH].

For example, the Interface Identifier for an FDDI interface whose
built-in address is, in hexadecimal,

34-56-78-9A-BC-DE

would be

36-56-78-FF-FE-9A-BC-DE.

A different MAC address set manually or by software should not be
used to derive the Interface Identifier. If such a MAC address must
be used, its global uniqueness property should be reflected in the
value of the U/L bit.

An IPv6 address prefix used for stateless autoconfiguration [ACONF]
of an FDDI interface must have a length of 64 bits.

6. Link-Local Addresses

The IPv6 link-local address [AARCH] for an FDDI interface is formed
by appending the Interface Identifier, as defined above, to the
prefix FE80::/64.

10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+

7. Address Mapping -- Unicast

The procedure for mapping IPv6 unicast addresses into FDDI link-layer
addresses is described in [DISC]. The Source/Target Link-layer
Address option has the following form when the link layer is FDDI.

0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+- FDDI -+
| |
+- Address -+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Option fields:

Type 1 for Source Link-layer address.
2 for Target Link-layer address.

Length 1 (in units of 8 octets).

FDDI Address
The 48 bit FDDI IEEE 802 address, in canonical bit order.
This is the address the interface currently responds to,
and may be different from the built-in address used to
derive the Interface Identifier.

8. Address Mapping -- Multicast

An IPv6 packet with a multicast destination address DST, consisting
of the sixteen octets DST[1] through DST[16], is transmitted to the
FDDI multicast address whose first two octets are the value 3333
hexadecimal and whose last four octets are the last four octets of
DST.

+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[13] | DST[14] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[15] | DST[16] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

9. Differences From RFC2019

The following are the functional differences between this
specification and RFC2019.

"FDDI adjacency detection" has been removed, due to recent work
in IEEE 802.1p.

The Address Token, which was a node's 48-bit MAC address, is
replaced with the Interface Identifier, which is 64 bits in
length and based on the EUI-64 format [EUI64]. An IEEE-defined
mapping exists from 48-bit MAC addresses to EUI-64 form.

A prefix used for stateless autoconfiguration must now be 64 bits
long rather than 80. The link-local prefix is also shortened to
64 bits.

10. Security Considerations

The method of derivation of Interface Identifiers from MAC addresses
is intended to preserve global uniqueness when possible. However,
there is no protection from duplication through accident or forgery.

11. References

[AARCH] Hinden, R. and S. Deering "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC2373, July 1998.

[ACONF] Thomson, S. and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration", RFC2462, December 1998.

[CANON] Narten, T. and C. Burton, "A Caution On The Canonical
Ordering Of Link-Layer Addresses", RFC2469, December 1998.

[DISC] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery
for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC2461, December 1998.

[ETHER] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet
Networks", RFC2464, December 1998.

[EUI64] "Guidelines For 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)",
http://standards.ieee.org/db/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html.

[ICMPV6] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC2463, December 1998.

[IPV6] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC2460, December 1998.

[RFC1981] McCann, J., Deering, S. and J. Mogul, "Path MTU Discovery
for IP version 6", RFC1981, August 1996.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC2119, March 1997.

12. Author's Address

Matt Crawford
Fermilab MS 368
PO Box 500
Batavia, IL 60510
USA

Phone: +1 630 840-3461
EMail: crawdad@fnal.gov

13. Full Copyright Statement

Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.

This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.

The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

文章来源于领测软件测试网 https://www.ltesting.net/