原文链接:
http://www.eygle.com/faq/Use.Nid.to.Change.Your.dbname.htm
Nid是Oracle从9iR2开始提供的工具，可以用来更改数据库名称，而无需通过之前重建控制文件等繁琐方式.
需要说明的是，虽然这个工具来自9iR2，但是仍然可以被用于Oracle8i.
先看一下帮助:
C:\>nid -helpDBNEWID: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - ProductionCopyright (c) 2001, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.关键字 说明 (默认值)----------------------------------------------------TARGET 用户名/口令 (无)DBNAME 新的数据库名 (无)LOGFILE 输出日志 (无)REVERT 还原失败的更改 否SETNAME 仅设置新的数据库名 否APPEND 附加至输出日志 否HELP 显示这些消息 否
我们通过范例来看一下用法:
1．数据库当前设置
SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER----------------------------------------------------------------Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionPL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionCORE 9.2.0.1.0 ProductionTNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionNLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSQL> show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------db_file_name_convert stringdb_name string eyglevglobal_names boolean FALSEinstance_name string eyglevlock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert stringoracle_trace_collection_name stringoracle_trace_facility_name string oracledplsql_native_make_file_name stringservice_names string eyglev
2．Shutdown数据库
SQL> connect sys/orasys as sysdbaConnected.SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.
3．Startup mount
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
4. 使用NID更改
SQL> hostMicrosoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>nid target=sys/orasys dbname=eyglenDBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionCopyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Connected to database EYGLEV (DBID=677189177)Control Files in database: E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTLChange database ID and database name EYGLEV to EYGLEN? (Y/[N]) => YProceeding with operationChanging database ID from 677189177 to 3955758099Changing database name from EYGLEV to EYGLEN Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN YSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\UNDOTBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CWMLITE01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\DRSYS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\ODM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\XDB01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\EYGLE.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new nameDatabase name changed to EYGLEN.Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.Database ID for database EYGLEN changed to 3955758099.All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option.Succesfully changed database name and ID.DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
5．Shutdown database
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
6．修改初始化参数文件、spfile文件（init.ora/spfile）
###########################################
instance_name=eyglen
#instance_name=eyglev
###########################################
db_domain=""
db_name=eyglen
# db_name=eyglev
###########################################
7．重建spfile文件
如果你没有使用spfile，当然无需重建，跳至8
SQL> startup pfile=E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.oraORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 135338868 bytesFixed Size 453492 bytesVariable Size 109051904 bytesDatabase Buffers 25165824 bytesRedo Buffers 667648 bytesORA-01991: invalid password file @#e:\oracle\Ora9iR2\DATABASE\PWDeyglen.ORA@#SQL> CREATE SPFILE=@#E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database PFILEEYGLEN.ORA@# FROM 2 PFILE=@#E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.ora@#;File created.
8．重建口令文件
SQL> host
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>orapwd file=E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database\PWDeyglen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
9.shutdown数据库
如果不使用spfile,则可以跳至10
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
10．Startup mount,resetlogs打开
SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 135338868 bytesFixed Size 453492 bytesVariable Size 109051904 bytesDatabase Buffers 25165824 bytesRedo Buffers 667648 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database open resetlogs 2 /Database altered.SQL>
11．修改后的参数
SQL> show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------db_file_name_convert stringdb_name string eyglenglobal_names boolean FALSEinstance_name string eyglenlock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert stringoracle_trace_collection_name stringoracle_trace_facility_name string oracledplsql_native_make_file_name stringservice_names string eyglen
12．对数据库做个全备份
附：使用nid更改817的数据库
1． 更改前
SVRMGR> startup mount已启动 ORACLE 实例。系统全局区域合计有 61970460个字节Fixed Size 75804个字节Variable Size 17645568个字节Database Buffers 44171264个字节Redo Buffers 77824个字节已装入数据库。SVRMGR> show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------db_file_name_convert 字符串db_name 字符串 vilenglobal_names 布尔值 TRUEinstance_name 字符串 vilenlock_name_space 字符串log_file_name_convert 字符串oracle_trace_collection_name 字符串oracle_trace_facility_name 字符串 oracledservice_names 字符串 vilenSVRMGR>
2． 修改
C:\>nid target=sys/orasys@vilen dbname=vileneDBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - ProductionCopyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Connected to database VILEN (DBID=1535443189)Control Files in database: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTLChange database ID and database name VILEN to VILENE? (Y/[N]) => YProceeding with operationChanging database ID from 1535443189 to 681857412Changing database name from VILEN to VILENE Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN YSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\RBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\EQSP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\PERFSTAT.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new nameDatabase name changed to VILENE.Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.Database ID for database VILENE changed to 681857412.All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option.Succesfully changed database name and ID.DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
3． 关闭数据库
SVRMGR> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已卸下数据库。
已关闭 ORACLE 实例。
4． 修改参数文件
db_name = "vilene"
#db_name = "vilen"
instance_name = vilene
#instance_name = vilen
5． 重建口令文件
C:\oracle\database>orapwd file=PWDvilen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
C:\oracle\database>
6． mount数据库
SVRMGR> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 61970460 bytesFixed Size 75804 bytesVariable Size 17645568 bytesDatabase Buffers 44171264 bytesRedo Buffers 77824 bytesDatabase mounted.
7． 打开数据库
SVRMGR> alter database open resetlogs
2> /
Statement processed.
8． 修改后的参数
SVRMGR> show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------db_file_name_convert stringdb_name string vileneglobal_names boolean TRUEinstance_name string vilenelock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert stringoracle_trace_collection_name stringoracle_trace_facility_name string oracledservice_names string vilen
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