看下面这张图，这是一个测试工具Cactus测试Servlet的过程，而在过去测试Servlet是很麻烦的。
1.首先，JUnit测试器执行YYYTestCase.runTest()，这个函数找到beginXXX(WebRequest)执行它，这个过程发生在客户端。WebRequest作为参数，它包含了请求的HTTP头、HTTP参数，它将被传送到第2步的重定向代理器中。
2.YYYTestCase.runTest()建立一个到重定向代理器的HTTP链接. 上一步的WebRequest传了过去。
3.从客户端来看，重定向代理器好像是在服务器运行一样。这意味着你的测试用例类将被实例两次：一次是在客户端（被JUnit测试器实例），另一次是在服务器端（被重定向代理器实例）。客户端的实例用来执行beginXXX()和endXXX()函数，服务器端实例用来执行第4步中的testXXX()函数。
4.setUp(), testXXX()和tearDown()被依次执行，它们被重定向代理器以reflection机制执行。当然，setUp()和tearDown()是可选的(就像在JUnit里一样)。
5.你的testXXX()将调用服务器端代码测试，并使用JUnit的断言API来观察执行效果(如assert(), assertEquals(), fail(), ...)
6.如果测试失败，你的testXXX()函数抛出的异常将被重定向代理器捕获。
7.如果出现异常，重定向代理器返回它的信息（包含名字，类，栈顶数据）到客户端，然后异常信息将显示在JUnit的测试器上。
8.如果没有异常产生，YYYTestCase.runTest()函数则找到endXXX(org.apache.cactus.WebResponse)或endXXX(com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse) 函数执行。在全过程中，你有机会在endXXX()函数检查HTTP头，Cookies以及servlet的输出流。
2.cactus 的安装
文件下载地址:
http://www.javaresearch.org/oss/download/cactus/jakarta-cactus-12-1.6.1.zip
使用方式:
解压压缩包后将lib文件夹下的全部JAR添加到相关项目目录(为保证确认,可以将路径同时添加到classpath中),配置cactus.properties文件,修改cactus.contextURL值为所在webapp的起始路径,同时将该文件放置到classpath路径中
如例:
# Configuration file for Cactus.
# Each project using Cactus need to have such a file put in the client side
# CLASSPATH (Meaning the directory containgin this file should be in the client
# side CLASSPATH, not the file itself of course ... :) )
# Defines the URLs that will be used by Cactus to call it@#s redirectors
# (Servlet and JSP). You need to specify in these URLs the webapp context
# that you use for your application. In the example below, the context is
# "test".
cactus.contextURL = http://localhost:8080/Fund_Cafe
cactus.servletRedirectorName = ServletRedirector
cactus.enableLogging=true
修改WEB应用下web.xml文件添加相应的SERVLET映射
如例;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>FORWARD_SERVLET</param-name>
<param-value>TS2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.WAMServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TS</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TS2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<resource-ref>
<description>Oracle DataSource example</description>
<res-ref-name>oraclePool</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
</web-app>
3.实际举例
被测试类: ForwardLauncher
测试类: Test
测试条件1:B=9914,S=123456789,ServerID=AA, BHD0001=1,E=0(程序正常路径,显示选择菜单)
测试条件2:B=9914(程序异常路径,显示发生错误的页面)
Test类内容如下:
package jp.co.abic.wam;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher;
import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;
import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;
import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse;
/**
* @author sfluo
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
public class Test extends ServletTestCase {
ForwardLauncher wamServlet=new ForwardLauncher();
public static void main(String[] args) {
junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Test.class);
}
/*
* @see TestCase#setUp()
*/
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
config.setInitParameter("FORWARD_SERVLET","TS2");
wamServlet.init(config);
}
/*
* @see TestCase#tearDown()
*/
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
/*
* Class under test for void doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
*/
public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebRequest theRequest){
theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
theRequest.addParameter("S", "123456789");
theRequest.addParameter("ServerID", "AA");
theRequest.addParameter("BHD0001", "1");
theRequest.addParameter("E", "0");
}
public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA() {
try {
wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
} catch (ServletException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//TODO Implement doGet().
}
public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebResponse theResponse){
System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
}
public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebRequest theRequest){
theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
}
public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB() {
try {
wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
} catch (ServletException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//TODO Implement doGet().
}
public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebResponse theResponse){
System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
}
}
详细的api请参照相关的文档,在文件目录下均存在
延伸阅读
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