在一般的软件开发中，组织是基于项目，产品或两者兼有。
In general software development organizations are project based, product based and both.
通常，测试组被划分为更小的组以支持多个项目。
Generally, Test group is divided into smaller groups to support multiple projects.
基于测试组的结构，测试人员的背景（功能和技术能力），组织的成熟度，所测产品的质量等等，主要有三种在组织中定位测试自动化服务的方法。
There are mainly three ways of positioning test automation services in an organization based on the construction of a test group, background of the testers (Functional & Technical abilities), maturity of the organization, Quality of the products under test etc.
没有哪一个模型比其他的模型更出众，它们中的每一个都有其自身的利弊。这完全取决于你的具体情况和需要。。。
No model is superior to the other, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It all depends on your situation and needs…
1． 独立式Independent
2． 合并式Merged
3． 顾问式Consultancy
让我们看看上述的那些模型并分析它们的错综复杂之处及其利弊。
Let us look at the above-mentioned models and analyze intricacies of those models, advantages and disadvantages.
Independent:
在这个场景中，一个‘核心的测试自动化组’拥有为测试自动化项目全部生命周期活动的责任。这个小组要做从设计测试自动化包到巩固之前期间里的每件事情。
In this scenario there is a ‘core test automation group’ available which owns the responsibility for all the life cycle of activities of test automation project. This team does everything from the Design of the test automation suite till consolidation.
a.优点Advantages:
1.清晰的责任和统一的方法Clear responsibilities and uniform approach
2.最适合‘维护型的测试’来帮助‘手工的回归测试’Suits best for ‘Maintenance testing’ to assist ‘Manual Regression testing’
3.最小化和‘手工测试人员’之间的协调Minimal co-ordination with ‘Manual testing crew’
4.集中测试自动化的活动Centralization of test automation activities
5.最适宜手工测试人员是纯粹的‘非技术’人员的情况Suits well if the Manual testing crew is purely ‘Non-Technical’
b.缺点Disadvantages:
1.开支太大Overhead
文章来源于领测软件测试网 https://www.ltesting.net/