在Fedora上建立自己的邮件服务器

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　　在Fedora上建立自己的邮件服务器
Postfix + Mysql + Sasl + Courier-imap
/////飘飘于2003.11.20 barcelona////

一，软件的准备
A. 检查你的系统是否已安装了以下软件，
1. pam
2. pam-devel
3. mysql

4. mysql-servel
5. mysql-devel
6. imap-devel
7. sharutils
B. 下载以下软件
1. metamail*.i386.rpm
2. pam-mysql
3. cyrus-sasl-2.1.15
4. postfix-2.0.16
5. courier-imap
C.说明
mysql-devel在第3个盘。我忘了装，结果pam-mysql和postfix的编译过不了。metamail和sharutils是取验证码用的。
二，mysql数据库和表的建立。
A. [root@localhost root]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3 to server version: 3.23.58

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv)VALUES('localhost','postfix','postfix','Y');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE DATABASE postfix;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON postfix.* TO postfix@localhost
-> IDENTIFIED BY "postfix";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
B. 把下列文字复制存为postfix.sql
########potfix_sql########bigin##################
CREATE TABLE alias (
username varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
goto text NOT NULL,
domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
PRIMARY KEY (username)
) TYPE=MyISAM;

CREATE TABLE domain (
domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
description varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
PRIMARY KEY (domain)
) TYPE=MyISAM;

CREATE TABLE mailbox (
userid char(20) binary NOT NULL default'',
username varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
password varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
home varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
maildir varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
name varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
uid smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL default'12345',
gid smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL default'12345',
quota varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default'',
create_date date NOT NULL default'0000-00-00',
create_time time NOT NULL default'00:00:00',
change_date date NOT NULL default'0000-00-00',
change_time time NOT NULL default'00:00:00',
last_access int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default'0',
passwd_lastchanged int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default'0',
status tinyint(4) NOT NULL default'1',
PRIMARY KEY (username),
KEY status (status)
) TYPE=MyISAM;
#####################end########################

[root@localhost root]# mysql postfix < /work/postfix.sql

C. 对表的内容的一些说明.
mysql> use postfix
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_postfix |
+-------------------+
| alias |
| domain |
| mailbox |
+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc alias;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(255) | | PRI | | |
| goto | text | | | | |
| domain | varchar(255) | | | | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc domain;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| domain | varchar(255) | | PRI | | |
| description | varchar(255) | | | | |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc mailbox;
+--------------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
| userid | varchar(20) binary | | | | |
| username | varchar(255) | | PRI | | |
| password | varchar(255) | | | | |
| home | varchar(255) | | | | |
| maildir | varchar(255) | | | | |
| name | varchar(255) | | | | |
| uid | smallint(5) unsigned | | | 12345 | |
| gid | smallint(5) unsigned | | | 12345 | |
| quota | varchar(255) | | | | |
| domain | varchar(255) | | | | |
| create_date | date | | | 0000-00-00 | |
| create_time | time | | | 00:00:00 | |
| change_date | date | | | 0000-00-00 | |
| change_time | time | | | 00:00:00 | |
| last_access | int(10) unsigned | | | 0 | |
| passwd_lastchanged | int(10) unsigned | | | 0 | |
| status | tinyint(4) | | MUL | 1 | |
+--------------------+----------------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
domain表的解释:
domain 任意的domain.
description 通常是2种 "local:" 用于本地的 or "virtual:" 用于是虚拟的.

alias表的解释:
username 是虚拟的邮箱address@domain.tld ，将被转发到goto下的联结中.
goto 可以用简单的名字，如果是本地用户名，如(root, postmaster, etc.), 或者是整个的邮箱名字，user@domain.tld。


Mailbox表的内容:
Userid 使用者编码
username 可以是user.domain.tld 或 user@domain.tld
password 在mysql中用encrypt('password') 输入.
name 使用着的真实姓名。
uid 虚拟用户身份uid
gid 组的gid
home "/usr/local/virtual/". Maildirs必须在此目录下。
domain 这栏可以不要，但有些软件需要他。
maildir 是整个地址，必须带”/”结尾。
Quota 邮箱的空间或信息量的限制。
status 0 为禁止。"MYSQL_WHERE_CLAUSE= status" .

三，pam-mysql的编译
tar pam-mysql-5.0.tar.gz
make cp pam_mysql.so /lib/security

四，修改pam.
[root@localhost pam_mysql]# cd /etc/pam.d
[root@localhost pam.d]# cp /work/postfix postfix
[root@localhost pam.d]#
postfix的内容如下：
##########/etc/pam.d/postfix##################
echo auth sufficient pam_mysql.so user=postfix passwd=postfix host=localhost db=postfix table=mailbox usercolumn=username passwdcolumn=password crypt=1
echo account required pam_mysql.so user=postfix passwd=postfix host=localhost db=postfix table=mailbox usercolumn=username passwdcolumn=password crypt=1
echo auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so
echo account sufficient pam_unix_acct.so
[root@localhost pam.d]# [ -f imap ] && mv imap imap.orig
[root@localhost pam.d]# [ -f pop ] && mv pop pop.orig
[root@localhost pam.d]# [ -f smtp ] && mv smtp smtp.orig
[root@localhost pam.d]# n -s postfix imap
bash: n: command not found
[root@localhost pam.d]# ln -s postfix imap
[root@localhost pam.d]# ln -s postfix pop
[root@localhost pam.d]# ln -s postfix smtp
[root@localhost pam.d]# cp postfix sieve
[root@localhost pam.d]# cd ..

五，cyrus-sasl的安装配置
我本不想重新编译cyrus-sasl的，可是fedora自带的在我测试的时候出问题，还是重编译吧，虽然fedora带的也是2.1.15版本。
[root@localhost etc]# cd /ruanjian
[root@localhost ruanjian]# cd cyrus-sasl-2.1.15
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# ./configure --disable-sample \
> --disable-pwcheck --disable-gssapi --disable-cram \
> --disable-digest --disable-krb4 --disable-anon \
> --with-saslauthd=/var/run/saslauthd \
> --enable-plain --enable-login
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# [ -d /usr/lib/sasl2 ] && mv /usr/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2.orig
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# echo /usr/local/lib/sasl2 >> /etc/ld.so.conf
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# ldconfig
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]#
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# echo pwcheck_method: saslauthd > /usr/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]# /usr/local/sbin/saslauthd -a pam
[root@localhost cyrus-sasl-2.1.15]#
六，postfix的安装和配置。
A.先停止sendmail.fedora已经默认安装了sendmail,去掉它。
[root@localhost rua~jian]# /etc/init.d/sendmail stop
关闭 sendmail： [失败]
[root@localhost ruanjian]# mv /usr/bin/newaliases /usr/bin/newaliases.orig
[root@localhost ruanjian]# mv /usr/bin/mailq /usr/bin/mailq.orig
[root@localhost ruanjian]# mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.orig
B.添加用户和组
[root@localhost ruanjian]# groupadd -g 12345 postfix
[root@localhost ruanjian]# groupadd -g 12346 postdrop
[root@localhost ruanjian]# useradd -u 12345 -g 12345 -c postfix -d /dev/null -s /nologin postfix
C.编译postfix
[root@mail ruanjian]# cd postfix-2.0.16
[root@mail postfix-2.0.16]# make -f Makefile.init makefiles \
> 'CCARGS=-DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/sasl' \
> 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib/mysql -L/usr/local/lib/sasl2 -lmysqlclient -lsasl2 -lz -lm'
[root@mail postfix-2.0.16]# make install
[root@localhost postfix-2.0.16]# cd /etc
[root@localhost etc]# mv aliases aliases.orig
[root@localhost etc]# ln -s postfix/aliases aliases
[root@localhost etc]# cd postfix
[root@localhost postfix]# echo 'root: tester' >> /etc/postfix/aliases
[root@localhost postfix]# postalias /etc/postfix/aliases
[root@localhost postfix]#
D.配置postfix.
1. 主要是main.cf的配置。
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:12345
virtual_mailbox_base = /usr/local/virtual
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 51200000
virtual_minimum_uid = 12345
virtual_transport = virtual
virtual_uid_maps = static:12345

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated permit_auth_destination reject
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes

2. mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf 如下

user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = username

3. mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf 如下

user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain

4. mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf 如下

user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username

E.建立
[root@localhost root]# mkdir /usr/local/virtual
[root@localhost root]# chown -R postfix:postfix /usr/local/virtual
[root@localhost root]# chmod -R 751 /usr/local/virtual

七.测试端口25
A. mysql> use postfix
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_postfix |
+-------------------+
| alias |
| domain |
| mailbox |
+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO alias (username,goto) VALUES ('postmaster@lansemail.com','tester@lansemail.com');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO domain (domain,description) VALUES ('lansemail.com','local:'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO mailbox (username,password,home,maildir,name,domain,create_date,create_time) VALUES('tester','$1$pi.WVgBx$a3dUCzBnbY76jnZlqWQCQ/','/usr/local/virtual/','tester@lansemail.com/','tester','lansemail.com','2003-11-19','21:24:00'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select * from mailbox
-> ;
+--------+----------+------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------------+--------+
| userid | username | password | home | maildir | name | uid | gid | quota | domain | create_date | create_time | change_date | change_time | last_access | passwd_lastchanged | status |
+--------+----------+------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------------+--------+
| | tester | $1$pi.WVgBx$a3dUCzBnbY76jnZlqWQCQ/ | /usr/local/virtual/ | tester@lansemail.com/ | tester | 12345 | 12345 | | lansemail.com | 2003-11-19 | 21:24:00 | 0000-00-00 | 00:00:00 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
+--------+----------+------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.11 sec)

mysql>

这里用的username为tester,只是用来测试端口用的，正式使用一定要用全名tester@lansemail.com.
否则信件收不到，信息如下
无法到达以下收件人:

'tester@lansemail.com'，时间为 21/11/2003 13:05
450 <tester@lansemail.com>: User unknown in local recipient table

B.[root@localhost postfix]# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 localhost.localdomain ESMTP Postfix
ehlo local host
250-localhost.localdomain
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN OTP
250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN OTP
250-XVERP
250 8BITMIME
auth plain dGVzdGVyAHRlc3RlcgB0ZXN0cHc=
235 Authentication successful
quit
221 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@localhost postfix]# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 localhost.localdomain ESMTP Postfix
ehlo localhost
250-localhost.localdomain
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN OTP
250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN OTP
250-XVERP
250 8BITMIME
auth login
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
dGVzdGVy ---->username: tester(用printf 'tester' | mmencode取得。)
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
dGVzdHB3 ---->password: testpw
235 Authentication successful
quit
221 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@localhost postfix]#

八，Courier-IMAP Install
A. 先在普通用户下
#./configure --without-authpwd --without-authpam --without-authuserdb --without-authshadow
--without-cram --without-chkpw --without-ldap --without-pgsql --without-authdaemon
--without-authcustom --with-authmysql
#make
#make check
#su root
#make install
#make install-configure
B.修改authmysqlrc,这里是简单的
#DEFAULT_DOMAIN domain.tld
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password
MYSQL_DATABASE postfix
MYSQL_GID_FIELD '12345'
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD '/usr/local/virtual'
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD maildir
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
MYSQL_OPT 0
MYSQL_PASSWORD postfix
#MYSQL_PORT 3306
#MYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD quota
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_SOCKET /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
MYSQL_UID_FIELD '12345'
MYSQL_USERNAME postfix
MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
#MYSQL_WHERE_CLAUSE status
C. [root@localhost root]# /usr/lib/courier-imap/bin/maildirmake /usr/local/virtual/tester@lansemail.com
[root@localhost root]# chmod -R 700 /usr/local/virtual/tester@lansemail.com
[root@localhost root]# chown -R postfix:postfix /usr/local/virtual/tester@lansemail.com
D. 启动courier-imap
[root@localhost root]# /usr/lib/courier-imap/libexec/pop3d.rc start
[root@localhost root]# /usr/lib/courier-imap/libexec/imapd.rc start
[root@localhost root]# pstree | grep courier
|-2*[courierlogger]
|-2*[couriertcpd]
[root@localhost root]# netstat -an | grep LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32770 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:32771 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

九，测试端口110
[root@localhost root]# telnet localhost 110 Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Hello there.
user tester
+OK Password required.
pass testpw
+OK logged in.
list
+OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53.
.
quit
+OK Bye-bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@localhost root]#

十，一切ok了，用你的outlook试试。。记住，添加用户邮箱，一定要用全名。再去找个webmail吧。

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