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Today’s industries cannot survive worldwide competition unless they introduce new products with better quality（quality，Q），at lower cost（cost，C），and with shorter lead time（delivery，D）．Accordingly，they have tried to use the computer’s huge memory capacity，fast processing speed，and user-friendly interactive graphics capabilities to automate and tie together otherwise cumbersome and separate engineering or production tasks，thus reducing the time and cost of product development and production[1]．Computer-aided design（CAD），computer-aided manufacturing（CAM），and computer-aided engineering（CAE）are the technologies used for this purpose during the product cycle．Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and functions that must be accomplished in the design and manufacture of a product．These activities and functions are referred to as the product cycle．The product cycle described by Zeid（1991）is presented here with minor modifications，as shown in Fig. 10-1．
As indicated by the boxes bounded by solid lines in Fig. 10-1，the product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．The design process starts from customers’demands that are identified by marketing personnel and ends with a complete description of the product，usually in the form of a drawing．The manufacturing process starts from the design specifications and ends with shipping of the actual products．
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除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。因此，他们都试图用计算机的巨大存储能力、快速处理速度及用户友好的交互图形能力，来自动完成并紧密联系其他繁重的和单独的工程或生产任务，从而减少产品开发和生产的时间和成本。计算机辅助设计（CAD）、计算机辅助制造（CAM）和计算机辅助工程（CAE）正是生产周期中为此目的而采用的技术。因此，为了了解CAD、CAM和CAE所扮演的角色，需要了解在一个产品设计和生产过程中必须完成的各项活动和功能。这些活动和功能被称之为产品周期。对Zeid（1991）所描述的产品周期稍加改动后如图10-l所示。
正如图10-1的实线框所示，产品周期由两个主要过程组成：设计过程和制造过程。设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。制造过程则始于设计的规格说明，止于产品发运。
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计算机辅助工程
