先来看在CMMI模型中的相关描述:
1 质量保证的定义:
A planned and systematic means for assuring management that the defined standards,
practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied.
2 质量控制的定义:
The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements
for quality. (See also “quality assurance.”)
3 对PPQA的概述:
The Process and Product Quality Assurance process area supports all process
areas by providing specific practices for objectively evaluating performed processes,
work products, and services against the applicable process descriptions, standards,
and procedures, and ensuring that any issues arising from these reviews are addressed.
Process and Product Quality Assurance supports the delivery of high-quality products and services by providing the project staff and all levels
of managers with appropriate visibility into, and feedback on, the
processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project.
这段描述在模型中重复出现多次。
4 PPQA与VER的关系:
The practices in the Process and Product Quality Assurance process
area ensure that planned processes are implemented, while the practices in
the Verification process area ensure that the specified requirements are
satisfied. These two process areas may on occasion address the same
work product but from different perspectives. Projects should take [Page]
advantage of the overlap in order to minimize duplication of effort while
taking care to maintain the separate perspectives.
再来看在ISO 9000:2000中对质量保证的定义:
3.2.8 质量管理 quality management
在质量(3.1.1)方面指挥和控制组织(3.3.1)的协调的活动。
注:在质量方面的指挥和控制活动,通常包括制定质量方针(3.2.4)和质量目标(3.2.5)以及质量策划(3.2.9)、质量控制(3.2.10)、质量保证(3.2.11)和质量改进(3.2.12)。
3.2.10 质量控制 quality contorl
质量管理(3.2.8)的一部分,致力于满足质量要求(3.1.2)。
3.2.11 质量保证 quality assurance
质量管理(3.2.8)的一部分,致力于提供质量要求(3.1.2)会得到满足的信任。
3.4.2 产品 product
过程(3.4.1)的结果
注3:质量保证(3.2.11)主要关注预期的产品。
基于上述的模型与标准的描述,结合我的实践,通俗归纳如下的表格,仅供理解时参考: 长期性,要分析根本原因,是文化的建设,通过过程保证产品质量
QC
QA
执行人
技术专家
测试人员
PM
QA人员
检查对象
工作产品
过程
工作产品
过程
参照物
需求
技术规格
质量目标
标准规范
关注点
产品的内在质量
过程的性能
产品与过程对于标准的符合性
有效性
直接作用在产品上
直接作用在过程上,间接作用在产品上
手段
测试
评审
SPC技术等
检查
评审
管理假设
产品有缺陷,应尽早发现缺陷
过程可以预防产品缺陷
时效性
就事论事
长期性,要分析根本原因,是文化的建设,通过过程保证产品质量
文章来源于领测软件测试网 https://www.ltesting.net/